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- Создано: 01-11-21
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How Modern Kitchen Appliances
Описание: How Modern Kitchen Appliances are affecting our lives? We are living in an era where everything is getting smarter. From gadgets to kitchen appliance, everything has become smarter. Now you no longer need to depend on just a single stove and make a lot of effort throughout the day to make your food. Now you can cook your food within a short duration using all the smart appliances available in your kitchen. Some of the appliances that are preferred by people these days to have healthy dieting are given below: Air fryer For all those health-conscious people who love food but fear eating fried food can now eat without even worrying about the oily food. With the help of the air fryer, one can fry food without using oil, butter or ghee. Today, most of the people have health issues like diabetes, cholesterol, etc, that is why people prefer healthy food only to have a healthy diet. Air fryers are making their lives easy by giving them a chance to eat everything without even worrying about the amount of oil used in them. Roti Maker Ever since the arrival of Roti makers in the market, people, especially women are happy. Rotis are what everyone hates to make as they are so time-consuming and needs a lot of perfection. For this, the invention of Rotimatic has made everything so convenient. Rotimatic is also very helpful to save our time. As per the Rotimatic Reviews, it is giving our consumers the best services from kneading dough to cooking and puffing a roti. All you need to do is fill the required ingredients in the machine and it will do everything else on its own. Kitchen Chimneys Chimneys are what a Modular looks incomplete without. Chimneys give the kitchen a more sophisticated look. Not only it adds elegance to your kitchen but it also helps in keeping the interior of your kitchen safe from all the oils, fumes which come out while cooking and sticks to the tiles, woods, and everything. It helps in keeping all the things in the kitchen safe and clean and brings out all the fumes coming out while cooking and maintains to keep a clean and fresh atmosphere. Microwave ovens Microwave ovens are playing an integral role in our lives for a long time. Now we don’t have to change the utensil, switch on the stove and reheat it every time we want to eat anything. Now with just a single click, your food is reheated. Microwaves come in a lot of varieties and sizes as per the customer’s demands like the grill, convection or just a microwave oven. Now anyone can enjoy learning different food items like bakery items, grilled food, etc. Dishwashers In today’s busy lives, dishwashers have become a necessity where everyone is either working or studying. It does not only make your modular kitchen complete by giving it a classy look. A modular kitchen is where everything is well organized as well as advanced. Where you do not have to make much effort to work and dishwasher is the most important thing to keep the kitchen clean and providing convenience. Perks of having Modern Kitchen appliances. Electric Egg Boiler The electric egg boiler is compact and portable. They use electricity to run the device, and most of them have temperature control and auto shut-off features. Some of them cannot be used as cookers as well. The premium products can be used to cook various dishes at different temperature levels. Power savings The most important question which arises before buying modern kitchen appliances is whether they are energy efficient or not. As compared from the past, all the appliances today are energy efficient which does not affect much on your electricity bill. These modern appliances are made according to public conveniences so people can use them daily. Pizza Pan A pizza pan with holes is usually referred to as a perforated pizza pan, and it is identified by several tiny holes along the bottom of the pan. While the holes might not look like anything special, they allow heat to reach the entire crust as it bakes, which results in a crispier pizza crust. Win! If you use the perforated pizza pan to make a thin-crust pizza, you'll not only get a crispy crust, but you'll also reduce the overall calorie count compared to pies made with traditional or deep-dish crusts. Saute Pan A saute pan is one of those utensils that are not that common in most kitchens. Hence, many cooks aren’t aware of how useful and versatile it can be. Great designs Today, consumers want better designs along with the best features. To give their modular kitchen a great look, consumers want designs that can enhance the beauty of their kitchen. As so many things need to settle down in the kitchen, these days people prefer appliance which occupies less space and looks elegant as well. Durability and reliability As consumers are getting more aware these days, they research a lot before buying a kitchen product. Consumers are very rational these days. They want everything in a single product within their budget. Now people want a product that is more durable as well as reliable. Safety is always a priority for a rational consumer that is why they always check whether the product has all the safety certificates or not. Another thing they go for is how long the product will serve them. Electric Griddle Electric griddle can be used to cook an array of breakfast foods, as well as burgers or grilled cheese. Unlike a range burner, the surface of an electric griddle is evenly heated throughout. They're the home cook's version of the flat-top cooking surface used in diners across the country. Some electric griddles include additional parts such as drip trays and warming trays. Quick-cooking These modern kitchen appliances have made cooking a lot easier than before. Now people don’t fear cooking because the process has become easier. These appliances have made cooking fun and convenient. Now you don’t have to depend on any house helper. It has also made the process quicker that one can cook anytime without getting into much trouble. BBQ Grill Plate Are you looking into buying a table top BBQ grill plate so that you can enjoy Korean BBQ at home? Then read on! While it’s not exhaustive, the below points highlight a few basic things you should consider when choosing a Korean BBQ grill plate. I asked my mom who owned a Korean restaurant for nearly two decades for her advice because she had plenty of chances to buy BBQ grill plates for her restaurant. The below three points are what she considers:- Affordability – Not too expensive Weight – Not too heavy plate (easy to lift and wash) Usability – Easy to clean (its coating shouldn’t scratch off), well-built oil draining system, fits on the portable burner, safety from the oil splashing. Keeping in mind the above points, below is a picture of my BBQ grill plate I used for my Samgyeopsal (Korean pork belly BBQ) party the other day. This is a typical style of Korean BBQ grill plate. What is a 3 in 1 breakfast maker? SPT 3-in-1 Breakfast Maker combines all the breakfast necessities into one: Toaster Oven, Coffee Maker and Frying Pan. This breakfast maker is the perfect compact appliance for dorms, offices, RV's, studios or wherever space is limited. You can brew a fresh cup of coffee, toast a croissant and fry up an egg all at once! What should you look for when buying cookware? There are certain things you need to consider when choosing cookware. These include: Heat conductivity – Some metals are better heat conductors than others. For instance, copper is a particularly good heat conductor whereas stainless steel is not. What this means in terms of cookware is that the better the heat conductivity the better and the more evenly your food will cook. It also means that when you turn the heat up or down the copper cookware will react a lot quicker to the temperature change than stainless steel cookware. Price – The amount you pay for your cookware will most likely be a determining factor in what you end up buying. The rule of thumb with cookware is to buy the best you can afford. Durability– Some types of cookware will maintain their good looks and last longer than others. Stainless steel is considered to be one of the best in this respect. Reactivity– Some metals react with certain foods. Aluminum for instance has a tendency to react with tomato and other acidic dishes. This means that your food can actually absorb some of the metal, so take care with your cookware choices and ensure that you are aware of the reactivity of each product. Maintenance– If you would prefer to not to have to shine your cookware every night just to keep it looking good then you will need to consider the amount of maintenance required to keep it in tip-top shape. Copper and cast iron cookware generally require quite a bit of work to keep it looking pristine whilst stainless steel is normally a little easier to look after. How to keep your Modular kitchen clean and shiny A kitchen is where the soul of the house lies. From morning till night, we spend most of the time there. This is also a place where diseases and bacteria take birth if proper cleaning is not done. There are some cleaning tips given below which are essential for making your modular kitchen stay maintained for a long time as well as clean. Regular cleaning is very important in a modular kitchen. Putting a lot of money is not just enough in a kitchen, if it is not taken care of properly it will begin to lose its shine and disease will enter through this. Using a disinfectant while cleaning is a must. To keep your kitchen free from bacteria and diseases, always remember to use a disinfectant while cleaning. To keep your kitchen appliances clean and shiny, always use an appliance cleaner rather than using water on them. If you apply water on them, there is a chance of it losing the paint and shine. On the other hand, if you will use an appliance cleaner, it will maintain the shine of the appliances as well as cleans the spots well. For those having a stainless steel sink in their kitchen, always make sure to use a soft scrubbing pad rather than using a steel scrubber to save that from getting scratches.
Дата Публикации: 01-11-21
What is a Heat Press Machine?
Описание: What is a Heat Press Machine? Basic Guide Heat Press Machines are specifically designed for transferring heat and pressure on different material for printing. Heat transfer is an important step for different kinds of printing. Heat press machines come with the digital thermostat and timer for controlling time and heat while printing. This allows you to work with different fabric and different types of printing techniques. The machines have revolutionized the printing process and can be used at home and for your small to medium printing house. In this article, we discuss “What is a Heat Press Machine”. What is a Heat Press Machine? The Heat Press is a simple machine that transfers heat and pressure for a controlled period of time to any material. The pressure and heat help to transfer prints onto the surface with accuracy. Heat press machines can heat different materials including clothes, garments, paper, bags, hats, shoes, mugs, ceramic, plates, jigsaw puzzles, pots, vases, and many other materials. How Heat Press Machine Works? A common heat press comes with a platen that is used for spreading the fabric over. The machines have an aluminum upper layer with the heating element underneath it. Heating elements have wires or rode cast in aluminum for transferring heat. The heat and pressure are applied on the surface of any material, depending on what type of heat press machine you have. Types of Heat Press Machines? There are four general types of Heat Press machines. Clamshell The machine opens like an oyster shell and can print on any object you throw into it like mugs, bottles, boxes, artwork, or anything you want. Clamshell is not suitable for thick garments or padded mouse. Swinge As the name suggests, heating platen swings away in this type, and you can easily move or adjust the material on lower platen. The swinger machines are good for thick or padded garments too. Draw Heat Press It is little like the swinging machines, but the only difference is that the lower platen will be pulling towards you. It has a moving surface. Vacuum Press This press uses air pressure to provide force on any material. 3D Sublimation Machine 3D sublimation machine is an all-in-one machine, which can be used to customize many types of substrates like sublimation blanks, mugs, latte mugs, cell phone cases, plates, etc. What is a Mug Heat Press Machine? A mug heat press machine is created to print your artwork on a mug. With this unique machine, you can make a clear, crisp, full-color image on a coffee mug. Note that you cannot print on all mugs. So, look out for mainly coated ceramic mugs. These days, there are digital mug heat press machines that are far easier to use. Digital mug heat press machines will transfer images and decorate your mugs digitally with the help of its accurate heating, digital temperature, and time control. You can press assorted images of different materials on mugs and adjust mug sizes digitally using a knob. How to Use a Mug Press Machine To make quality prints on mugs, the first thing you need to do is to select a good mug press. We recommend selecting a digital mug press because they help you create vivid images on your mugs more accurately and are easier to use. After selecting a good mug press, you can follow the step by step guide below to use a mug press. Step 1: Get an Image Use graphic design apps like Photoshop, Paint, and Illustrator software to make the designs for the mug on your computer. Alternatively, you can buy an image or mug graphic design from a craft store to save time. This is especially helpful if you’re not proficient in the use of graphic design apps. Step 2: Print the Design with an Inkjet Printer Print the graphic design using an inkjet printer like Ricoh or Epson. Use a sublimation ink and top-quality sublimation paper to print out the image you designed or bought in step 1. Get help from sellers of heat press machines for inkjet printers to use if you don’t like the brands we mentioned. Step 3: Place the Paper on the Mug Now that you have printed the image, get a thermal tape, and use it to fix the image onto the surface of the mug carefully. Make sure the sublimation paper with the image on it is completely dry before you place it on the mug. Step 4: Preheat the Heat Press Machine To preheat the mug press, turn it on and raise the temperature to 100°C for ten to twelve seconds. Next, place the mug inside the mug frame and make sure it is firmly in place. Now, increase the temperature to 325°C and time the heating process for four minutes. Note that the heating temperature and the timing may vary depending on the heat press machine and material you are using. So, consult the suppliers manual for the specific heat press machine or material that you are using. Step 5: Bring out The Mug After the timer goes off, bring the mug out of the mug frame and let it cool down for 5 minutes. Next, peel off the thermal tapes and carefully remove the sublimation paper. That is all! You have just printed your first mug with a mug heat press machine. What is a heat press machine? So I’ve covered a bit of about what a heat press can make, but let’s talk about what they actually do. A heat press machine is designed to apply heat and pressure to a material for a set amount of time. They’re typically used with fabrics, but specialty machines exist for mugs, hats, plates, or hats. There are manual heat presses where you’re physically in control of the pressure and time, as well as a variety of automatic machines which will stay closed at the pressure you specify for the time you set. I’ve used both, and we’ll go into more detail later about the differences in using each. Heat pressing t-shirts is different than screen-printing, you aren’t applying any ink but instead you’re infusing your material with a special type of vinyl called heat transfer vinyl. These products have several types, such as portable heat press machine，flat heat press machine and so on. How to Use a Heat Press Machine? Many types of heat press machines are available, and each comes with its own manual. But the basic process remains the same. Here we have explained the process of using a heat press. This section will help you understand what is a heat press machine in detail. 1. Adjust The Heat And Time The machines come with a digital timer for adjusting your required temperature and time. Both temperature and heat vary depending on the material you are printing on and the type of printing. For example few fabrics like Polyester cannot take much heat, so you need to set less heat and time. Knowing the exact time and temperature required for a specific fabric is a part of the heating process, and the printing person must know how long to leave the fabric inside the press and what temperature should be enough for transferring the design. 2. Place The Material On Platen Place the fabric on the platen with the right side up. Remove all creases from the surface make sure there are no more creases or folds, or you can print an uneven design. 3. Preheat The Fabric Most printers first preheat the fabric without placing the design on fabric. Preheating fabric cleans the surface if there are any creases or moisture on the fabric. 4. Set The Design Paper Set the design paper on the surface that you are using for transferring print. For sublimation or vinyl printing, the carrier sheet should be placed accurately. Make sure the placement is correct; last thing you want is a crooked design. 5. Close The Lid Close the lid carefully, and it will press the fabric underneath. Let it sit for a while until the timer notifies according to the time you have set. 6. Remove The Paper When It Is Hot If you are using a carrier paper for transferring the design, remove it while it is still hot. Once it gets cool, It won’t peel off accurately. What Type of Printing can Make Use Heat Press? A heat press can be used in many types of printing for transferring the digital print on any material. You can use Heat Press machines for these types of printing. Vinyl Printing In this method, the design is printed on vinyl sheets. Heat Press transfer the design on surface and the carrier sheet is removed afterwards. Sublimation Printing In sublimation printing, design is transferred to a special paper using special ink. With heat, ink is soaked into the fabric evaporating the carrier sheets. Plastisol Transfer Plastisol is a special ink with melted PVC or plastic pigments. The printed design printed on special paper, and later it is transferred to any surface with heat transfer. Laser Transfer Paper Laser printers are used to print designs on special laser printable transfer paper. The design is transferred on different materials using heat press machines. Inkjet Transfer Paper It has the same process of printing design using an inkjet printer on a special two-layered paper that is later transferred to any fabric with a heat press machine.
Дата Публикации: 01-11-21
HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
Описание: HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A GOOD NON-STICK FRYING PAN AND A BAD ONE AT A GLANCE HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A GOOD NON-STICK FRYING PAN AND A BAD ONE AT A GLANCE Not all frying pans are the same thing. A frying pan is a fry pan, of course. And they are always used for the same purpose. True. But there are many differences between a good frying pan and a not so good frying pan. Price ranges can guide you a little bit, but sometimes we don’t discover we have chosen the wrong one until we use it at home. If you don’t want this to happen again, the best solution is learning about how to distinguish between the good and the bad ones before buying them. You don’t need a master, just follow these easy rules! The quality of a frying pan is mainly determined by manufacturing materials and procedures. The most common materials are stainless steel, iron and aluminium. You may think there can’t be quite a difference between each aluminium manufacturing procedure because at the end the result is the same: an aluminium pan. But there is a lot. The three main manufacturing procedures are: stamping, forge and die casting. Knowing the names is cool and maybe you can use this information to win the Trivial Pursuit someday, but here the important thing is to know the differences between them, so let’s go for it! Stamping is the process of placing flat sheet metal in either blank or coil form into a stamping press where a tool and die surface forms the metal into a net shape. The press produces the desired pan form on the sheet metal part. This is the easiest process and also the cheapest one. Consequently, stamping pans are the ones you will be able to buy at a lower price in stores. “Great, I’ll take this one!” Yes, you can buy this one, of course, but there’s an issue you must take in consideration: when aluminium gets hot, it tends to go back to the original shape which, in this case, is a plane surface. This means the cooking vessel will lose contact with the cooking surface shortly before buying it, thus food will not cook evenly. This, together with they usually come with low quality cheap non-stick coating, means stamped pans have a really short useful service. Forged aluminium pans manufacturing process is very similar to stamping but the metal is heated. This allows using a thicker and more resistant metal sheet which reduces vessel deformation when cooking. Although these pans are more expensive than the first ones, it’s worth paying a little bit more as they practically don’t lose shape; they are longer lasting and cook better than stamped aluminium pans. The last manufacturing process is die casting. It is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mould cavity which has the desired pan shape. This is the most expensive one, but also the best as it avoids pan from losing shape because “pan” is the original shape. You may think it is not necessary to spend so much money in a pan. If forged frying pan is resistant, durable, reasonably priced and cook fine, why should I need more? Well, it depends on your needs. Die casting allows working with different aluminium thicknesses, which contributes to better heat distribution and even cooking results. Finishing and details are also better because die casting procedure offers more design possibilities. pressed fry pan is also the ones with better non-stick coatings to avoid food from sticking on the cooking surface. How can I distinguish them in stores? Stamped aluminium pans are really easy to distinguish. A really low priced pan is a stamped pan for sure. But to be sure, take the pan, touch it and balance it. Is it very light and thin? Then it’s stamping. Forge and die casting processes are more difficult to distinguish for non-expert eyes because weight can be similar. Maybe the best is to look at the packaging because manufacturers always write in big font size you are looking at a cast aluminium pan. Yes, it’s a not very scientific detection method, but it’s very effective. Now it’s your choice! Maybe you still prefer having a stamped aluminium pan because you don’t use it a lot. But as far as you like cooking, we recommend you to spend a little bit more to buy a cast aluminium pan or even a forged one. What Is a Saucepan and What Does It Look Like? A sauce pan is a staple of kitchens the world over, but it's not immediately clear how to differentiate between a saucepan, saucier, stock pot, sauté pan, and all the other pots and pans. In this article, we'll discuss what a saucepan is, what a saucepan is used for, and what a saucepan looks like. Let's get cooking! A saucepan is a piece of cookware that's typically circular and metal with high sides and a long handle. Saucepans' high sides serve two purposes. The first (and obvious) purpose is that these high walls allow for more food and drink to fit inside the saucepan. The second, less obvious purpose is that they give the saucepan a larger surface area, which — when paired with their smaller base — means saucepans can more evenly heat their contents by surrounding them on all sides. Saucepans are taller relative to their width than, say, a stock pot for this exact reason. The Casserole Makes a Healthy Comeback Having kissed its crumbled-corn-chip top and canned-soup innards goodbye, the humble casserole is enjoying a resurgence in popularity. And for good reason. Not only are casseroles fast and easy to make, but new casserole recipes call for vegetables and whole grains, and that means they can be healthy as well, according to Melanie Polk, director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). "A casserole gives you an opportunity to mix a whole bunch of cancer-protective foods in a single dish," says Polk. "It's a way to combine beans, whole grains, and vegetables." Polk adds that a low-fat diet that contains at least 5 servings a day of a wide range of plant-based foods -- fruits, vegetables and whole grains -- can provide anti-cancer benefits. She also says that it doesn't matter whether the foods are raw or cooked. "It's important to eat a variety of foods that have been prepared with a variety of cooking methods, except for frying, which adds unneeded fats," says Polk. "Certain foods, when cooked, release more of their cancer-protecting substances, so cooking isn't a bad thing. We know that some of the phytochemicals in broccoli, for example, become more available when the broccoli is lightly steamed. But it is less important whether they are raw or cooked. What's important is that you get them any way you can." Here's an example of a recipe from the AICR: Spanish Chicken and Rice Casserole 1 1/4 cup rice 1 small onion, chopped 1 tablespoon olive oil 1 14.5-ounce can stewed tomatoes 1 1/4 cup canned chicken broth 1 teaspoon paprika 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground pepper 1 7-ounce jar roasted red peppers drained and chopped 2 medium chicken breasts, skinless and boneless, cut into 1-inch pieces 1 bay leaf 1/2 cup frozen green peas Preheat oven to 375 degrees. In a 2-quart casserole dish, combine rice, onion, and oil. Add tomatoes, one cup of broth, paprika, oregano, peppers, roasted peppers, chicken, and bay leaf. Stir to combine well. Cover and bake for 30 minutes. Stir in peas and add an additional 1/4 cup broth if needed to keep rice from sticking. Bake until chicken and rice are cooked through, 15-20 minutes. Remove bay leaf and serve. wok, thin-walled cooking pan, shaped like a shallow bowl with handles, widely used in Chinese-style cooking. The wok has a round bottom that concentrates heat, cooking food quickly with relatively little oil. Food when cooked may be moved up the sloping side of the wok to stay warm without cooking further, while other food is cooked at the bottom. The wok was developed as an implement to conserve scarce fuel. It is generally made of iron, carbon steel, copper, or aluminum. Although woks come in sizes ranging from 25 to 80 cm (10 to 32 inches) in diameter, household woks average from 30 to 36 cm. Woks have been used for some 3,000 years in China for a variety of cooking methods, including stir-frying, boiling, and stewing. The addition of a rack and cover converts the wok into a steamer. Originally designed for use on wood- or charcoal-burning Chinese stoves, woks have been adapted for Western use by the addition of a metal ring, which is set on top of a gas or electric stove to hold the wok and prevent it from tipping. Electrically heated woks, with a removable heating element and thermostat, may be used for cooking meals at the dining table. The Ultimate Guide to Choose The Best Cookware Set Are you planning to setup new cooking equipment for your kitchen and you seem pretty confused? Does the innumerable amount of cookware brands leave you clueless about how to choose your cookware set? In recent times, there has been a rapid rise of different kinds of cookware sets which also depict the combination of materials varying from, stainless steel to cast iron, aluminum and copper. So, if you want to make an optimum investment in the ideal set of cookware, this guide will help you choose the best cookware set for you and be in a win-win position. You can buy a forged cookware set , but creating your own customized a la carte set lets you focus your space and resources on the pans you need most. To help you get started, we’ve organized choices into three categories: The Essentials: These are the absolute basics we think a home cook needs to prepare the widest selection of recipes with the fewest pans. The Add-Ons: With a little more money to spend and space to spare, you can add these pans next. We consider them to be great choices to build out your core set of essential pans. Awesome Extras: We admit that we love certain pans that may not be utterly essential, but they make us happy. And, truth be told, we find ourselves reaching for them more often than we expected. Some are a bit of a splurge, but we think they’re worth it. All of the specific products we list below are winners of full testings we conducted here at America’s Test Kitchen. Where relevant, we’ve also included the best inexpensive version of each piece—what we call our Best Buys—to give you more budget flexibility.
Дата Публикации: 01-11-21
The RS-232 protocol Rs232
Описание: The RS-232 protocol Rs232 protocol transmission involves the sending of data one bit at a time, over a single communications line. In contrast, parallel communications require at least as many lines as there are bits in a word being transmitted (for an 8-bit word, a minimum of 8 lines are needed). RS232 Serial transmission is beneficial for long distance communications, whereas parallel is designed for short distances or when very high transmission rates are required. RS232 Standards One of the advantages of the RS232 protocol is that it lends itself to transmission over telephone lines. The serial digital data can be converted by modem, placed onto a standard voice-grade telephone line, and converted back to serial digital data at the receiving end of the line by another modem. Officially, RS-232 is defined as the "Interface between data terminal equipment and data communications equipment using serial binary data exchange." This definition defines data terminal equipment (DTE) as the computer, while data communications equipment (DCE) is the modem. A modem cable has pin-to-pin connections, and is designed to connect a DTE device to a DCE device. RS-232 is widely used for connections between data acquisition devices and computer systems. RS-232 devices are defined as either DTE (usually a computer) or DCE (usually an interface device). When wiring a DCE device to a computer (DTE), a straight-through connection is required. However, not all interface devices or data acquisition systems are DCE, therefore, require a null-modem cable, which 'crosses over' the necessary signal wires. Rs232 port In addition to communications between computer equipment over telephone lines, RS-232 protocol is now widely used for connections between data acquisition devices and computer systems. As in the definition of RS232, the computer is data transmission equipment (DTE). However, many interface products are not data communications equipment (DCE). Null modem cables are designed for this situation; rather than having the pinto- pin connections of modem cables, null modem cables have different internal wiring to allow DTE devices to communicate with one another. Cabling Options RS-232 cables are commonly available with either 4, 9 or 25-pin wiring. The 25-pin Rs232 cable connects every pin; the 9-pin Rs232 cables do not include many of the uncommonly used connections; 4-pin Rs232 cables provide the bare minimum connections, and have jumpers to provide "handshaking" for those devices that require it. These jumpers connect pins 4, 5 and 8, and also pins 6 and 20. The advent of the IBM PC AT has created a new wrinkle in RS-232 communications. Rather than having the standard 25-pin connector, this computer and many new expansion boards for pc's feature a 9-pin serial port. To connect this port to a standard 25- pin port, a 9- to 25-pin adaptor cable may be utilized, or the user may create his own cable specifically for that purpose. Selecting a Rs232 Cable The major considerations in choosing an RS-232 cable are based upon the devices to be connected. First, are you connecting two DTE devices (null modem cable) or a DTE device to a DCE device (modem cable)? Second, what connectors are required on each end, male or female, and 25 or 9-pin (AT style)? Usually, it is recommended that the user obtain the two devices to be connected, and then determine which cable is required. Wiring a Rs232 interface Most RS-232 devices will operate with only 3 signal wires: Transmit (TX), Receive (RX) and Ground (GND). In order for two RS-232 devices to communicate, you must connect the TX from one instrument to the RX of the second instrument, and vice versa. The Ground pins must be connected together. Keep in mind that a 25 pin RS-232 port on a PC trasmits on pin 2 and receives on pin 3, and Ground is pin 7. A 9-pin RS-232 port on a PC transmits on pin 3, receives on pin 2 and Ground is pin 5. You cannot simply connect two devices with a serial cable simply because the connectors fit. You must verify the functions of each pin on each device, as well as verify whether or not the cable is a straight-through or null-modem cable. RS485 Cable RS485 cable needs 3 conductors and a shield. Many people say it's a two-wire network but it is not. Two conductors are used to carry the RS485 Differential voltage signal. The Shield is connected to earth/ground at one end only and provides shielding against induced noise. Why Do You Need A Special Serial (USB-TTL) Cable to Debrick Your Router? First of all I recommend the USB-to-Serial Cable: 3.3V TTL cable that is available here. They come with different types of connectors Bare Wire, 6 Pin SIP and Audio Plug Connector. But the business end, the USB side is very different than a standard USB cable. The key to these cables are that each one contains a small internal electronic circuit board, utilizing the FT232R chip, which is encapsulated into the USB connector end of the cable. They use FTDI?’s FT232RQ USB to Serial UART interface IC device which handles all the USB signalling and protocols. These cables require USB drivers to make them work, but they are available free from us, which is then used to make the FT232R chip in the cable appear as a virtual COM port (VCP) on your computer. This allows you to communicate with the USB interface via a standard PC serial emulation port (for example TTY or PUTTY). What are typical transmission speeds for USB cables? Generally speaking, USB cable is classified into one of two different bandwidth groups: 1.1, which transfers data at a maximum rate of 1.5 Mbit per second, and 2.0, with a 480 Mbit per second data transfer rate. USB 2.0 is backward compatible with the lower data transmission requirements of 1.1, but the substitution can’t be reversed; 1.1 just can’t deliver the rate of data transfer that USB 2.0-rated devices need. In addition to the bandwidth classifications listed above, USB devices can also be labeled in the following “speed” categories, which specify the amount of bandwidth they need to operate: Low Speed: The “ low speed” rating indicates that a device requires minimal bandwidth (1.5 Mbit/s) to function, so it can be used in conjunction with either 1.1 or 2.0 USB cables. Joysticks, keyboards and computer mice are a few common examples of low speed devices. Full Speed: Devices labeled “full speed” need a signal rate of 12 Mbit per second. Since this is such a common bandwidth requirement, all USB hubs on the market have been designed to support Full Speed. And even though the data transfer speed is higher, Full Speed – like Low Speed – transmits equally well via 1.1 or 2.0 USB cables. High Speed: “ High speed” USB devices run at 480 Mbit per second, and require a 2.0-rated USB cable. What does it mean when USB cables and devices are described as “hot swappable?” One of the most convenient features of USB cable and devices is their ability to be “hot swapped,” which means that they can be plugged into – and unplugged from – a computer as needed, without that computer needing to be powered down first. The cable industry is a small but competitive place, with some companies making big claims about why its audio cable is better than others. We’ll take you through the cable components, claims, and myths to “cut through the noise” and explain when cables affect your sound. Conductor A cable’s conductor is the wire that conducts the electricity needed to pass signal and power. Conductors of appropriate size and material preserve the integrity of electrical transfer through the cable from the original source. Should the conductor be too small or made of inferior conductive metals, the audio signal will encounter more resistance and the sound will change. Conductive Materials Silver is the most conductive metal, which the human ear perceives as a brighter and more present sound. You don’t often see silver used in cables due mainly to its price. Copper is the second most conductive metal and most commonly used in cables When compared to silver, the human ear perceives copper as a more balanced and “warm” sound. To learn more and hear how silver and copper compare, check out our previous story, The Advantage of Silver Cable. Other common conductive metals for cables are gold and aluminum. Gold isn’t as conductive as silver or copper, and due to its cost, it’s never used as a primary conductor. Instead, gold is often used as a coating on cable connector ends, which we will cover below. Aluminum has much lower conductivity and is typically found in the most inexpensive audio cables, which lack the same clarity and brightness of sound，such as 2.5mm audio cable, 3.5mm audio cable and so on What is AS/NZS 3008? AS/NZS 3008.1.1 is an Australian/New Zealand standard which defines electrical properties (namely ampacity) of cables under typical Australian conditions and installation arrangements. It applies to Alternating Current (AC) systems up to and including 0.6/1.0 kV. Despite its title including ‘alternating voltages’, AS/NZS 3008 can also be applied to DC installations. AS/NZS 3008 is important because it allows us to size cables in a way that minimises system cost while still satisfying the following circuit requirements: Current-carrying capacity (CCC). Also known as ampacity, this is the maximum continuous current that a conductor can carry under its installation conditions without exceeding its rated temperature. An adequate CCC is required for all installations, otherwise cable damage and safety issues can occur. Voltage drop (Vd). Voltage drop is the decrease of voltage along the cable run due to the cable’s internal resistance. Voltage drops are undesirable because generated energy is lost as heat. Therefore, voltage drop must be considered when sizing PV cables to avoid degraded performance. Short-circuit temperature limit. This is the temperature that cables can adequately handle when exposed to their maximum prospective short circuit current. AS/NZS 5033:2014 sets out the calculation of prospective short circuit currents in PV systems. As PV systems are a current-limited source, this is not a limiting factor in DC cable selection. Ethernet Cables and How They Work An Ethernet cable is a common type of network cable used with wired networks. Ethernet cables connect devices such as PCs, routers, and switches within a local area network. These physical cables are limited by length and durability. If a network cable is too long or of poor quality, it won't carry a good network signal. These limits are one reason there are different types of Ethernet cables that are optimized to perform certain tasks in specific situations.
Дата Публикации: 01-11-21
Why Cat Litter Matters
Описание: Why Cat Litter Matters Even people who adore cats have to admit they’re sometimes not the easiest pets to take care of. They have a habit of reminding you it’s time to eat at 5:30 a.m., sometimes by dragging their claws across your eyelids. They leave you presents in the form of other dead animals, sometimes in your bed. And if they don’t like their litter, they will definitely let you know, sometimes by peeing all over your home. Okay, so cats are strange. But what’s up with the litter? Isn’t it all basically the same? It’s sand that they go to the bathroom in, right? Wrong. Cats are particular about litter the way humans are about the bathrooms we use. Sometimes the environment is so off-putting to a cat, they’d rather go anywhere else, like in your plants. More seriously, some litters pose health concerns for cats and humans alike, so it’s important to choose the right one. Let’s take a look at why litter matters to your cat, and why it should matter to you. Litter Matters Because of Texture A big issue for cats is the texture of the litter. If a cat litter is too rough or the granules are too big, a cat will reject it because it doesn’t feel good under their paws. Remember, they love to dig around in their litter before and after they go, and if the litter is too harsh, they’ll reject it in favor of something else… like your favorite blanket. Litter Matters Because of Smell If you’ve ever walked into a bathroom and made a swift exit because of the smell, your cat can relate. A cat will avoid the litter box if it’s too full of waste, so make sure that it’s cleaned every day, especially if you have multiple cats. Alternatively, cats will reject the box if the litter is perfumed too heavily. It’s a delicate balance! Litter Matters Because of Dust Dust from clay litter is a big issue for cats and humans alike because both species can suffer from asthma. If you know your cat suffers from asthma, definitely stop using dusty cat litter as it can exacerbate the issue. It can also cause asthma, not just make it worse. Similarly, if you or anyone in your home suffers from asthma, COPD, allergies or other respiratory problems, avoid clay litter and use something else. Litter Matters Because Cats Are Cats Okay, so you’ve gone out and bought a soft, non-offensive-smelling dust-free litter and your cat still is using your laundry as his or her litter box. What gives? Sometimes there’s no telling with these stoic creatures, so we say try a cat litter attractant. For whatever reason, this magic dust compels your feline to go in the box. Try it and see what a difference it makes. Even the most tuned-in cat lovers will despair when their cat refuses to use the box. If you’ve changed litters multiple times and eliminated any behavioral issues, talk to your vet. Your cat might not be feeling well and they are trying to get your attention. Brief introduction Tofu cat litter is becoming more and more popular due to its natural ingredient and good water absorption ability. Compared with silica cat litter, it is more environmentally friendly. Also its price is more competitive than silica cat litter. It is much less weight than bentonite cat litter. What's more, it is flushable in toilet which is more convenient to dispose. Advantages 1.Rich experience in production and export. We produced tofu cat litter from 2009 which is first factory develop tofu cat litter in our area. We know well about production and quality control which can gurantee the steady quality. 2.We have done BSCI and ISO certificate which reveal our good quality. 3.We have a good export team to operate the orders smoothly with enthusiasm. 4.All the material we used are food class material to meet the high quality standard. 5.We have relatively stable price and timely delivery. How to Use Crystal Cat Litter? There are pros and cons of crystal cat litter. Focusing on pros, crystal cat litter is light weighted, low in tracking, and good for the hygiene of your cat. It is easy to use, has an effective moisture lock technique, and is dust-free. The con is it is not environmentally friendly, can cause health issues to humans and animals if disposed of in the soil. It is your choice either use it or not! We have described all steps on how to use crystal cat litter in this article. You can read it and apply. 1. Keep the Litter Box in a Private Place Cat’s demand privacy when they eliminate. So, if you don’t know how to use crystal cat litter, the first step is to put her litter box in a private space where she can calmly defecate in peace. Cats want security; it is their natural instinct that comes from their ancestors. When you place a litter box, make sure it is placed in a calm and low-traffic area. They should not feel vulnerable while doing their toilet business. 2. Ensure the Quantity It is best recommended to fill the cat litter box between one and a half to two inches. This will prevent urine from reaching the bottom of the box. You can get Fresh Step brands Premium Crystals Cat Litter product to your house. It has odor control properties that keep it five times fresh. The crystal locks the urine quickly. Is your cat fond of digging in the litter box? In that case, you should put extra litter in her box around 2 inches so that it locks the liquid and prevent it from reaching the bottom of the floor. 3. Slowly Introduce to Silica Gel Crystals Cat Litter Cats don’t appreciate sudden change. They take time to accept different litter types. So, when you plan to use Silica Gel Crystals Cat Litter, make sure you keep the transition at a slow pace. 4. Regularly Twitch the Litter Most of the cat owners complain that crystal cat litter smells a lot. This is because silica gel is made of absorbent sponge particles. And, when it absorbs the urine, it releases the moisture, but it doesn’t lock the odor. 5. Remove Solid Waste Hygiene is essential; therefore, make sure you remove all solid waste from your cat litter. 6. Have Tolerance Bear in mind your cat will learn things slowly; it will take time for her to accept the change. Therefore, have patience and always praise your cat when she uses crystal cat litter. How Green Is Your Kitty's Litter? Many cat litters work well and may even be perceived as eco-friendly, but you might want to take a closer look. Switching to a truly eco-friendly litter isn’t only good for the environment, it’s good for your cat too. More than 2 million tons of sodium bentonite clay is mined in the United States each year just for kitty litter. Sodium bentonite can be harmful if cats ingest it, which can happen accidentally when they clean themselves. Likewise, the silica dust in many litters may contribute to respiratory problems for your kitty and you. Fortunately, there are many options, and Weavers Way Across the Way carries a wide variety. Here are some of them: Swheat Scoop: This natural wheat litter contains no chemicals and no clay, is biodegradable and flushable, doesn’t create dust, is made from a renewable resource and is 100 percent compostable for non-vegetable plants (after scooping). The wheat enzymes naturally neutralize odors. Blue Naturally Fresh Litter: This is a flushable multi-cat quick-clumping litter made of walnut shells. It is chemical-free, grain-free, clay-free and corn free. Cedarific Soft Cat Litter: This all natural, biodegradable litter is made with wood fibers grown in the United States. It contains no chemicals, is lightweight and dust-free, and has a soft texture for your kitty’s paws. Premium Choice Carefree Kitty: This litter company claims its litter “won’t harm the environment,” but it is based on mining. This litter uses bentonite clay from Wyoming and is unscented. Arm & Hammer Feline Pine: This is a 100 percent natural-pine clumping litter. It contains a “clumping agent” and mineral oil. It creates no dust and contains no artificial scents. This litter doesn’t actually clump; solid waste can be scooped but once liquid hits the litter, the pellets break apart into sawdust. The box can be shaken so the sawdust settles at the bottom, and the litter can be changed when it is close to 90 percent sawdust. Arm & Hammer “Naturals”: This litter is a corn-based clumping litter, containing a “plant-based clumping agent,” baking soda (of course) and mineral oil. Cat Tails: 100 percent clay-based litter containing no chemicals. This product packaging does not give information about where the clay comes from. World’s Best Cat Litter: This is the priciest, but users seem to appreciate that it clumps, is (technically) flushable and dust-free. It is made of whole-kernel corn and comes an all-natural lavender-oil-scented variety. World's Best is sold in Chestnut Hill as well as at Across the Way. Purina Yesterday’s News: Known as the gentle pellet litter for kittens just having had surgery, Yesterday’s News calls itself the “#1 Recommended Eco-Friendly Cat Litter.” It is made with recycled newspaper, is dust-free, unscented and three times more absorbent than clay. One thing that needs acknowledging is the potential problems that can result from flushing "flushable" litter. Some cats harbor a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii (especially outdoor cats that eat raw meat), and sewage treatment does not kill this parasite in cat poop. World’s Best's label has a disclaimer from the state of California urging users not to flush the waste, and the Sea Otter Alliance also urges cat owners to never flush cat waste because it may be harmful to marine life. This parasite is also potentially dangerous to people who have vulnerable immune systems such as pregnant women, elderly and people with serious illnesses, who should never handle cat litter at all. So if you choose a "flushable" litter, the best practice is to put it out with the trash. Obviously, this is a lot to consider! It may take some trial and error to find the best litter for your home, but of course your cats will love you for it.
Дата Публикации: 01-11-21
What is an LED Downlight?
Описание: What is an LED Downlight? An LED downlight can be a completely integrated unit, or it can come in two parts. Ultimately, it's a low energy LED light source fitted inside a downlight housing. Are LED Downlights as Reliable and Long Lasting as They Say? Throughout our history, we’ve maintained our relationships with premium branded lighting manufacturers such as Aurora, Collingwood, JCC and Philips Lighting. Even these top-quality brands have had problematic versions of downlights. The most consistent and reliable downlight of all-time is the Halers H2 Pro. This product was a game-changer for integrated LED technology. We’ve experienced the fewest failure rates with this product, its successfully outlasted its 7-year guarantee period and still remains a market leading product. The least reliable downlights we’ve sold have been the Aurora I9 and possibly the JCC FGLED6. These particular downlights had a few ‘bad batches’ and unusually high failure rates. However, these brands have learned from their mistakes and gone on to develop more reliable products with the Aurora MPRO and JCC V50. The truth about integrated LED downlights is that some models come and go quite quickly. This can be a problem if you get a failure and need to replace it. If your particular product has been discontinued then the latest version won't fully match the others. On occasion, integrated downlights do fail and do need replacing but they are more reliable than the traditional GU10 LED and fire can combination which is the housing of the downlight structure shown in the image above. If you buy downlights that don't have a wiring cable connector block you'll also have to disconnect them by rewiring them which will mean getting an electrician involved. If you've got downlights with proper plug-in wiring connectors shown below, you can easily disconnect them. Then you can usually reconnect the new one as it should have the same plug-in connector. These connectors make integrated LED downlights work in a similar way to GU10. Instead of removing the lamp from the fitting, you're removing the fitting from the ceiling. No additional tools required! What are the Best LED Downlights? Integrated LED downlights with wiring connectors are considerably better. Collingwood and Aurora downlights are particularly good quality with an especially low failure rate. Integrated downlights have a more modern appearance and feature vastly advanced technology. If you put a GU10 LED inside a traditional fire can downlight housing and have it on for long periods per day (3 hours+), you'll most likely discover they don't last for very many years and you'll be forever having to replace the LED. Overheating is the #1 cause of LED failure. If you're going to go for GU10, then choose a downlight with airflow like the Aurora EFD Pro, Ansell Edge or Integral EvoFire. Integrated downlights feature advanced cooling capabilities. They have a dedicated heat sink that dissipates the heat more effectively, which helps to prevent heat from building up like it does inside a fire can. Benefits of LED recessed lights Recessed LED downlight produces less heat, use less energy and are more effective at guiding light to its intended destination than other traditional lighting technologies such as incandescent. Since LEDs have a longer lifespan, you’ll save on maintenance costs over time. LEDs are also available in a wider variety of colors and shades, whereas incandescent bulbs only come in a yellow, warm hue. Popular LED bulbs for downlights in homes usually come in bright, soft or warm whites, but if you want to get creative, you can install smart bulbs that change colors. Outdoor downlights Recessed lights are also perfect for outdoor settings. Outdoor downlights can enhance the visual appearance of your home while also boosting security. If you want to add light around the perimeter of a home, you may want to consider installing LED downlights in eaves or overhangs. What about harsh winter weather? LEDs actually work best in cold temperatures. And as long as you don’t leave them burning all day in the summer, your LED downlights will work just fine outside. The long-life benefits of LEDs can be especially helpful if you have second-story eaves that are hard to reach. Bulb replacements will be few and far between. Install recessed lights in your home Homeowners who want lighting flexibility and in-ceiling fixtures can benefit from installing downlighting. Combined with energy-saving LED bulbs, downlights can be another way to use modern and efficient lighting throughout an entire home. LED PANEL LIGHTS: MYTHS VS. REALITY Emerging demands for Led panel lights is booming in Indian market. Every professionals or dumb peoples are asking for LED panel lights. In this myth debunking article, we will evaluate the led panel light and check whether it is worth to buy or not. We have purchased a brand new LED panel light costing around Rs. 1000/- for 12w. Cheaper are also available in market, but we chose to evaluate premium product. After opening the attractive box, we found slim, lightweight and smart LED panel light which was square shaped (rounds are also available). It looks good enough to convince any customer from design point of view. Reasons: why customers purchase panel lights? 1. Even light distribution, no LED glare. 2. Low cost 3. Slim Look & feel 4. Power saving. First reason seems valid, as there are no visible LED or glare when it is on or off. It looks like even light distributed when you power on. LED Ceiling Light Light-emitting diode (LED) technology offers bright illumination while using a fraction of the electricity used by incandescent bulbs. You’ve likely been replacing the old bulbs in your light fixtures with LED bulbs over the past few years. That’s still a good idea, but you can also purchase LED ceiling light fixtures that emit light without the need for standard-size LED bulbs. The best LED ceiling light for your home depends on the fixture type and what brightness is most suitable for a particular room; for instance, kitchens and bathrooms typically require more intense lighting than family rooms and bedrooms. Advantages of LED Batten Lights over Fluorescent Tube Lights Using LED lights have many benefits, from being durable to being energy-efficient, LED lights have satisfied each and every requirement. Previously, most of us have used fluorescent lights, but after knowing that it can be really harmful, many of us have switched to LEDs, but still, there are some people who have not switched to LEDs and are using fluorescent tube lights. So, to make you all aware, in this article, we will be telling you some advantages of LED batten light over fluorescent tube lights, but before starting the comparison between these two, let’s consider some general advantages of switching to LED lights. Have a look! Advantages of switching over to LED lights ? LED lights consume less electricity. It can save up to 80% of your light electricity bill and thus, are energy-efficient ? LEDs maintain a cold temperature. Unlike those old fluorescent lights, LEDs do not heat up. The excessive heat and ultraviolet radiation present can be a hazard to people and materials. Whereas, LED lights emit no ultraviolet radiations ? LED bulbs do not produce blue waves and lets our brain feel relaxed and increases the productivity ? LED lights are durable and can last up to 15 years with the constant amount of light. Unlike other lights, LED never dims with time ? LED lights are environment-friendly as they do not release any harmful gases Advantages of LED Batten Lights over Fluorescent Tube Lights LED Batten lights : indoor LED batten light is energy-efficient, environment-friendly, produce less heat, maintenance-free and durable as compared to fluorescent tube lights. Also, LED batten lights provide uniform lighting and offer significant savings on account of voltage and less power consumption. The LED technology is more sophisticated than fluorescent, incandescent or halogen lights. They are the future of lighting because of its durability and performance. Given below are some of the advantages of LED batten lights: 1. Requires less current. 2. Higher light output compared to other sources. 3. You can choose the colour. 4. 90% longer lifespan than fluorescent tube lights. And even at the end of their lifespan, you can easily dispose of and there will be no toxic waste left or no special treatment will be required in the procedure. 5. The light remains constant, but you can dim LEDs manually as per your convenience. 6. Energy efficient. 7. No mercury is used. 8. Produce less heat. 9. Environment-friendly, as it does not contain toxic chemicals, which represents virtually no hazard to the surroundings. 10. Best to use in schools, hospitals, factories and residential areas. 11. Flicker-free operation. 12. Virtually zero maintenance costs. 13. Lightweight and sleek design. What are the different variations with a downlight? LED downlights are now the norm. They can come as either a fixed downlight or directional version. Some are also available with different beam widths which add additional flexibility – narrow, medium or wide. The bezel shape can also be different from round, square to rectangle. IP ie waterproof versions are available for wet areas such as the bathroom. Modern Outdoor Wall Lights The “modern farmhouse” look has been fashionable for a while and is forecasted to stay relevant for years to come. A modern take on country charm will give your home an inviting and sophisticated feel. Solar Wall Light 130010 (GS-130) combines the traditional and modern styles in a sleek design. Shed light on your modern farmhouse home with this solar-powered fixture, and enjoy evenings outside with friends and family under its soft and effective glow. Gooseneck Outdoor Wall Lights Any outdoor wall light that has a bulb held up by a J-shaped curve in the fixture has a “swan neck” or “gooseneck” style. The curved neck can extend the lamp head’s reach, adding form and function to the light. A member of the previously mentioned Polaris Series, the Polaris Solar Wall Light 177010 (GS-177W), is a gooseneck light. This light is popular in coastal areas due to its weather-resistant, rustproof rigid resin with UV protection that prevents fading. Its matte black finish and compact design make it a top choice for people looking for outdoor wall lights.
Дата Публикации: 01-11-21
What Does Disposable Coveralls Mean?
Описание: What Does Disposable Coveralls Mean? Disposable coverall is an item of personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to cover the whole body and other clothing to protect against dirt or other outside contaminants. Coveralls are one piece and loose fitting for ease of movement, with sleeves, full leggings and often a hood to cover the head. These can also include overshoe pieces to cover footwear and protect against contamination. Safeopedia Explains Disposable Coveralls The purpose of using disposable materials to make coveralls is to avoid cost issues when using non-disposable materials which are certain to sustain damage when used situations that require coveralls very regularly, for harsh work conditions. Common materials used to make disposable gear are Tyvek, Polypropylene or Tychem. These materials have different safety ratings and properties which suit them to different environments. For example; some suits can be used in hazardous situations to protect from acid spills or hazard chemicals while some more breathable varieties may not. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have provided regulations and standards for the design, testing and use of disposable coveralls which should be considered by employers while making a risk assessment, safety plan and choosing PPE. Choosing the Right Disposable Coveralls Specifically, it looks closely at disposable coveralls such as the kind used for protecting against chemical sprays or hazardous dusts like asbestos. Why use protective clothing such as coveralls? Workers can be exposed to many hazardous chemicals, mists and particles in the workplace. For example, asbestos is a well-known hazard, causing serious health issues such as mesothelioma and cancer. The smallest amount of inhaled asbestos can cause health problems, hence the stringent regulations and standards for handling asbestos in Australia. In addition, many other harmful dusts and chemicals can be encountered on the work site. Many workplaces and workplace health and safety guidelines mandate that PPE including disposable protective coveralls be used for certain work processes. In addition to handling asbestos, hazardous processes include working with chemicals, paint spraying, wood work, chemical manufacturing, environmental remediation, cleaning and fibreglass handling. General guidelines for protective clothing AS/NZS4501.2 covers general performance requirements for ergonomics, size and marking of protective clothing. It covers the information that manufacturers should supply, and specifies that protective clothing should not cause irritation or harm. It’s important to note that if coveralls are not a single use disposable item, they must be properly decontaminated. This will help prevent particles or chemicals cross contaminating work processes, environments, and the worker’s regular work clothing. Tests and standards for dusts, chemicals and particles Protective coveralls are generally specified with a ‘Type’, which refers to a host of International Standards. These standards cover a wide range of individual performance tests that check for resistance against: Abrasion and cracking Tensile strength and tear resistance Resistance to punctures Resistance to chemical permeation Liquid repellence Resistance to spray and aerosols Resistance to ignition Once the garment has passed a series of tests, it is classified into a type depending on its suitability for different applications. Types of disposable coveralls Type 1 – Gas tight EN 943-1, EN943-2 Type 2 - Non-Gas tight Garments EN 943-1 Type 3 – Liquid tight EN14605, EN ISO17491-3 Type 4 – Spray tight (saturation) EN 14605, EN ISO17491-4 Type 5 – Protects against airborne particles EN ISO13982-1 Type 6 – Protects against liquid chemicals (light spray) EN13034, EN ISO17491-4 Garments can also be classified as protecting against a range of hazards – for example, our Microchem 300 chemical splash suit is a Type 3, 4 and 5 coverall. Type 1 refers to completely enclosed protective suits designed to protect against chemical contamination in the form of liquid or gas. Likewise, non-gas tight suits which retain positive pressure to prevent ingress of dusts, liquids & vapours are referred to as Type 2. However, the most common classifications of protective coveralls in our industry are 3 through to 6 so let’s look at these in more detail. Type 3 – Liquid tight Type 3 coveralls have sealed seams rather than stitched. They must be made from a fabric that is liquid tight and can withstand strong directional jets of a liquid chemical during the test. Only a tiny fraction of liquid is allowed to enter the garment before it is deemed a ‘fail’. This is based on the breakthrough time of a strong jet of liquid at high pressure. The coverall can then be given a class, which relates to this breakthrough time: Class 1 is at the lower end of the scale with breakthrough taking just 10 minutes, whereas Class 6 resists ingress for over 6 hours. Type 4 – Spray tight Spray tight protective clothing is generally a coverall that protects against saturation of liquid chemicals. Both the fabric and the seams are rigorously tested where volume of the liquid builds up on the suit, causing pools and rivulets. Testing to meet Type 4 classification is similar to the above chemical test, but a lighter spray at a lower pressure – like a shower. Type 5 – Protects against airborne particles These garments are full-body protective items covering the trunk, arms and legs, such as one-piece coveralls or two-piece suits, which can be with or without hoods, visors and foot covers. These are tested to rate their resistance to dust and particles. They are suitable for processes such as light industrial cleaning, site preparation and handling insulation. Type 5 rated coveralls are also suitable for asbestos work, provided they are disposable rather than reusable. Coveralls that pass the test as Type 5 are subjected to a test subject performing a series of movements in the suit whilst it is exposed to a dry aerosol with a particle size of 0.6 μm. The inward leakage of the aerosol must be below a minimal threshold. Type 6 - Light spray protection This type covers suits that are for protection against light spray and splashes. It differs from the type 3 and 4 spray tests in that there is less volume of liquid sprayed, and no build-up of liquid on the suit. It is the lowest level of chemical protection and is intended to be used if risks have been assessed as low and a full liquid permeation barrier is not necessary. Types of fabrics Often protective coveralls like PP disposable coverall are made from materials such as polypropylene, or trademarked fabrics such as Tyvek. They are often grouped under terms that refer to the way the fabric is constructed such as SMS or MPF. SMS SMS stands for spun bound / melt blown / spun bound fabric. This process uses a melt blown polypropylene layer sandwiched between two polypropylene layers. This results in a fabric that I strong and durable with strong barrier properties. SMS disposable coverall is generally breathable with some air permeability. MPF MPF is a microporous fabric made from a thin microporous film bonded to a spun bound polypropylene base. MPF fabrics are not as breathable due to their very low air permeability. Microporous disposable coverall isalso made of MPF. Choosing the right coveralls There are so many variables in any individual application that it is difficult to be specific about what is best. Hence all protective clothing recommendations come with a disclaimer stating that it is the user’s final responsibility to ensure the garment is suitable for the application. Every selection should begin with a risk analysis to determine the type of risk, the length of exposure and level of protection required. In general, key features to look for include: Is the level of protection suitable for the task? How robust or heavy duty are the coveralls? What is the quality like, including details such as the zipper, seams, fabric? What is the fit and comfort like? Will the size range be suitable for your workers? Are the coveralls single use? What should responsible disposal look like? Are they easy to put on and take off? Benefits of disposable lab coats Preventing chemical mixtures and limiting flammability When a scientist wears a lab coat, spills and contamination of that coat are a fact of life. This means that, if a scientist is wearing the same lab coat every day, all day for a week, the chances that different chemicals with potentially adverse reactions combining on the coat become much higher. Even if a scientist wears the same lab coat all day, and cleans it each day, that risk is still there. When a new coat is worn every time the lab is entered, the odds of a chemical reaction due to what’s on the coat are next to zero. This seriously reduces risks of fire as well as physical risks to the scientist. Preventing the spread of contagions Throwing away a lab coat after every work session helps ensure that no diseases leave the lab or examination room. Lab coats must be cleaned, and often off-site. However, bringing an infected lab coat to a cleaning facility could start the spread of a new contagion. Even if the cleaning facility is on-site, that means more hands will need to touch the lab coat to clean or sterilize it between uses. This increases the risk of contagions on the coat spreading elsewhere. Preventing cross-contamination Detergent, cleaner, and even cloth fibers from reusable lab coats can get into lab materials. If this happens, it can render a work session meaningless, or even worse, become a danger. Using a single-use lab coat ensures sterility every time that the lab is entered. Easier to clean Fabric lab coats need to be bleached to ensure that all contagions are killed. They also need to be thoroughly washed to ensure no contaminants are left after use. Disposable lab coat is usually made from plastic materials which are less porous than cloth fiber. They are easier to wipe down between uses, and can be washed easily with alcohol or bleach wipes to remove pathogens.
Дата Публикации: 01-11-21