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Clad Steel Plate
Описание: Clad Steel Plate Clad Steel Plate is a composite steel plate made by bonding stainless steel, etc. (cladding material) to either or both sides of carbon steel or low-alloy steel (base metal). Clad steel plate combines the necessary strength of a structural material (base metal) with the resistance to heat and corrosion (cladding material). Moreover, it offers substantial economic benefit, because it costs substantially less than a plate made entirely of the cladding material. Gilding Metal Clad Steel Strips refer to the copper alloy, comprising 95% copper and 5% zinc. Technically, it is brass. Gilding metal is used for various purposes, including the jackets of bullets, driving bands on some artillery shells, as well as enameled badges and other jewelry. It is a special kind of brass, with a high percentage of copper, used to make objects which are to be gilded by electrolysis. Like bullets, Cups for Military can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm. The time when cartridges are loaded into a firearm the potential for the transfer of unique tool marks exists. However, the cartridge does not have to be fired for these marks to be transferred. Simply loading a cartridge into a firearm can generate a unique identification mark that can be easily identified. Cartridge Case Cups are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials such as steel and plastic. Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but the material used in cartridges is usually softer than that of a firearm. The surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked. Tool marks produced on the cartridge cases will be in two basic forms. As the microscopic striations found on bullets, cartridge cases can pick up striated action marks. These "scratches" are produced when the cartridge case moves laterally against the tool producing a scrape or striated mark. The other forms of marks that can be left on a cartridge case are impressed with action marks. Impressed marks are created on cartridge cases when it impacts the tool (again, the firearm) with adequate velocity or pressure to leave an impressed or indented mark. Cartridge Bullet Cups are compared to fired standards from a firearm using a comparison microscope as described on the bullet identification page. Standards are first examined to determine what marks, if any, the firearm is consistently reproducing. Evidence cartridge cases are then directly compared to the standards to see if they too are also similarly marked. In the case of Gunwantlal v. State of M.P it was held that " From the perusal of the record it can be safely inferred that the presence of a live cartridge in the handbag was not within the knowledge of the petitioner and petitioner did not have requisite mens rea for committing the said offence." Meaning and Components of Cartridge A cartridge or around is a type of pre-assembled firearm ammunition packaging a projectile. a propellant substance and an ignition device within a metallic, paper or plastic case that is precisely made to fit within the barrel chamber of a breech-loading gun, for the practical purpose of convenient transportation and handling during shooting. Although in popular usage the term "bullet" is often used to refer to a complete cartridge, it is correctly used only to refer to the projectile. There are several different words used to describe ammunition: bullets, shells, projectiles, rounds, shot, slugs, cartridges, munitions, etc. In reality, anything can be used as ammunition, whether it be a stone you are throwing or words you are using in an argument. In the world of firearms, it is most commonly referred to in the informal context as "ammo." Many people call them bullets, which to some is like nails on a chalkboard because the correct term for firearms ammunition is "cartridge." Copper Clad Steel (CCS), also known as copper-covered steel or the trademarked name Copperweld is a bi-metallic product, mainly used in the wire industry that combines the high mechanical resistance of steel with the conductivity and corrosion resistance of copper. It is mainly used for grounding purposes, line tracing to locate underground utilities, drop wire of telephone cables, and inner conductor of coaxial cables, including thin hookup cables like RG-174 and CATV cable. It is also used in some antennas for RF conducting wires. The first recorded attempt to make copper clad steel wire took place in the early 1860s. Although for over 100 years people had been suggesting various ways of uniting copper and steel, it was not until the period mentioned that Farmer and Milliken tried wrapping a strip of copper about a steel wire. American engineers in 1883 and again in the 1890s made attempts to produce a copper-steel wire, in one instance at least, by electroplating copper on steel.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
Do Vacuum Seal Storage Bags Ruin Clothes?
Описание: Do Vacuum Seal Storage Bags Ruin Clothes? There seem to be as many myths as there are facts about your best options for packing clothes long-term. Vacuum storage bags are no exception to this and they endure an interesting reputation for the place they hold in the world of closet organization and design. Let's explore all those details and nuances so we can get to the facts at the heart of the matter: do vacuum seal bags ruin clothes? What Are Vacuum Storage Bags? Surprisingly, this question holds more philosophical weight than you'd think for what appears to be a pretty straightforward topic. Is it still a Vacuum Shrink Bag if all you did was stuff your things in a garbage bag and hoovered out the air? Well - technically, it fits the definition, but you definitely don't want to try this hack if you actually care about protecting your clothes! Proper vacuum-seal storage bags for clothes should be made of a material substantially more durable than the kind of trash bag you pick up while shopping. This is a slightly thicker, sturdier type of plastic in most cases, but you might find that less expensive brands aren't offering much of an improvement on that trash bag hack. Storage bags that do have a valve for use with a vacuum machine will feature a special zippered opening that allows you to fill the bag up with your garments. Either style can be found in a variety of sizes, but you're more likely to find extra-large sizes in those with valves compared to roll-up style storage bags. Why Use Vacuum Storage Bags? When Dairy Products Vacuum Shrink Bags first showed up on the market, you can imagine they might be a pretty big hit. It's hard to argue against the benefit of shrinking the space bulky clothes and linens took up all while protecting them from the elements. And, vacuum storage bags deliver on their promises more often than not. After all, using a household garbage bag may not be a great idea, but it's an idea that still works - it's not exactly rocket science, right? The problems that come with using vacuum storage bags have to do with why people think they should be using them, and what they're actually effective at doing. Here's the thing - yes, sucking out all the air from around a bundle of clothing does shrink how much space they take up. And yes, a durable, completely sealed plastic covering absolutely protects textiles from external sources of damage. For processors of goods such as meat, cheese, vegetables and bakery products, Thermoforming Film packaging is commonplace, and for good reason. This format provides a high level of protection for the products within, drastically increasing shelf life potential and delivering great product visibility on-shelf to attract consumers. While these benefits are far-reaching in terms of the supply chain, and indeed a critical element of customer satisfaction, processors must always have a keen focus on the efficiency of the production line and how best to optimize throughput in a way that never compromises on safety – both for staff and consumers – and quality. It is about investing in systems that deliver results in terms of productivity and efficiency, as only then can the total cost of ownership feed into an attractive return on investment. Producers of thermoforming equipment have a deep understanding of the technology and its limitations, but do they understand the pain points their customers are facing in day-to-day operations? Well, maybe, maybe not. The only way to fully get to grips with what advances are needed is to engage and collaborate with the very people that use the technology on a daily basis. Only then can true progress be made with the next-generation systems. Improved packaging quality The packaging itself is, of course, at the heart of the thermoforming process and the quality of that packaging is fundamental to ensuring the finished product appeals to consumers as it should. Having asked a series of open questions to those using thermoforming systems, a number of challenges in this area were identified. Issues such as wrinkles, non-optimal Functional Film positioning and seal seam problems still leave room for improvement. These primarily stem from uneven and uncontrolled film tension, the non-optimal positioning of the top web in relation to the bottom and high forces applied during sealing. One of the solutions here is to motorize the unwinding systems for both the top and bottom films and to synchronize them with the machine's advancing cycle. In combination with an advanced web tensioning system, it is possible to facilitate controlled unwinding and to simplify and secure the film path. For top and bottom films, some systems allow adjustments to the transverse position during operation. The axial position of the films, when automatically monitored and regulated, can substantially improve sealing seam quality. Overall, forces applied to the sealing seam can be reduced by up to 75% when compared to traditional dancer systems in this instance, enabling processors to use more cost-effective, thinner film types that reduce material use.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
Is Frozen Fish Better Than Fresh?
Описание: Is Frozen Fish Better Than Fresh? The problem, as I saw it, was these only made appearances when company was over or my dad had a craving. What took up most of that valuable freezer real estate? Packets of greens and other vaguely identifiable foods from the Asian market that my mom pulled out and cooked on a regular basis. And fish: big fish and little fish, usually whole. The shopping trips to acquire the fish were entertaining. My mom would eye the fresh fish—one store was self-serve, so she poked and prodded them with tongs herself—and grill the counter guy about just how fresh they were. If nothing quite met her approval, she moved confidently over to the Frozen Precooked Fish Loins. See, she knew something all along that many people still need to be sold on. There is nothing wrong—actually, there's a lot right—with buying frozen fish. To be clear, there is nothing wrong with fresh fish, either. If you have access to good quality, never-been-frozen fish, you're lucky. But in the fresh vs. frozen fish debate, experts say that, well, there's really isn't much of a debate at all. Frozen Precooked Bonito Tuna Loin can be as high in quality as fresh fish. Freshness Can Be Frozen More than 85 percent of the seafood we eat is imported. Within that, the "vast majority"—70 percent but likely higher, according to Gavin Gibbons, spokesman for the National Fisheries Institute—has been frozen at some point. "There really is no difference," said Gibbons. "The clock never moves backward when it comes to freshness. If a fish is caught, handled well and frozen immediately, you literally stop the clock. You freeze in the freshness." He adds that nutritionally, nothing is lost when fish is frozen. These days, technology is such that fish are either frozen right at sea (most common with farmed fish, as freezers are incorporated into the farm sites) or immediately upon landing at port, said David Pilat, global seafood buyer for Whole Foods Market. And the assumption that fattier varieties such as salmon and tuna fare better, texturally speaking, than leaner fish when frozen doesn't hold true, either. Our experts say it comes down to proper freezing and handling on the front end, and proper thawing—in the fridge, out of the package—on the back end. "There is no downside to buying Frozen Skip Jack Precooked Meat," Gibbons said. The Upside to Frozen Fish Frozen fish can often be a better value than fresh and is less wasteful for home cooks, who can just pull out the amount they need from the freezer, Pilat said. An example: a two-pound bag of Frozen Fresh Seafood fillets at Whole Foods Market sells for $19.99 and is one of the retailer's top-selling seafood items. Fresh, in-season salmon will typically cost 15 to 20 percent more, Pilat said. Freezing essentially extends the season for certain fish. So in the winter when you have a hankering for, say, wild salmon or halibut, buying it frozen is as good as buying it fresh in summer, when it's actually in season. (If you do see "fresh" wild salmon in January, that's a red flag—unless it's being sold as "previously frozen." More on that below). Time-sensitive fresh fish must be shipped by air; frozen fish can travel by boat, rail or truck, requiring less energy to get to market. And what consumers might not realize is that the availability of Frozen Fish Fillet, particularly farm-raised varieties, helps with the management of wild fisheries. "Aquaculture is a release valve for wild capture," Gibbons said. "A lot of people think they compete against each other, but in reality they work in tandem because they keep the market supplied with product and allow the total allowable catch of wild capture to ebb and flow." Get Great Frozen Fish The starting point when buying good-quality Frozen Fish Portion is a fishmonger or store you trust. Take a close look at the packaging to make sure it's not torn or tampered in any way. Look out for frost inside the package or ice crystals, spots or discoloration on the fish itself—that's freezer burn. You don't want that. Likewise, liquid inside the package suggests partial thawing, which isn't good. The fish should be frozen solid when you buy it. If sustainability is a priority for you, look for certification labels such as Marine Stewardship Council-certified. Stores often sell thawed fish in the fresh case, marked "previously frozen." In that case, Pilat said, check that the flesh has a nice color to it and isn't drying out or pulling apart around the edges. The National Fisheries Institute has a handy online guide to the freezer shelf life of specific types of fish and seafood. Stored properly at home—meaning in the freezer, at 0 degrees or below—Frozen Fish HGT will keep for at least six months and up to a year. Then again, if you're anything like my mom, you'll be cooking that fish in no time.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
Reasons Why Great Office Furniture Increases Productivity
Описание: Reasons Why Great Office Furniture Increases Productivity Specifically referring to the work place, every piece of furniture is going to play an important part in boosting your productivity, as well as potential. With the inclusion of great Office Furniture, you'll have the ability to take your productivity to an entirely new level. It's the reason why nearly all office spaces in the world are providing a makeover to their boring and old furniture by including stylish, as well as new furniture within their offices. Here will include a few of the ways that great office furniture may enhance your productivity in the work place: Boring furniture will make you lazy Office furniture that is boring not just makes you lazy, yet it additionally will make you irritated and clumsy by the mountains of work on your Shelf Desk. Being surrounded by boring furniture, individuals oftentimes lose interest in work and it'll affect someone's productivity to a large extent. Furthermore, if someone does not have the ability to properly work during these critical 7 to 8 hours of her day, more likely she'll lack productivity at home, as well as additional social places. Vibrant colors bring enthusiasm Lots of offices are choosing furniture in bright colors. It's due to the reason that cool and bright colors assist in lifting a person's mood. It's a good way to alleviate stress, as well as increase productivity. It is not just tech and creative set-ups getting experimental in their color and design choices. More professional services and financial services firms are kitting out their offices with E-Gaming Desks, beanbag chairs and abundant indoor greenery. While hammocks and deckchairs may prove a talking point in communal areas, furniture needs to support and reflect the task being carried out, says Neil Thomas, interior design team leader at Tétris UK, a JLL subsidiary. "Offering a bright, vibrant workplace has a big impact on attractiveness, particularly for companies employing younger staff – as well as an image for external visitors," says Thomas. "Furniture creates interest and enables the introduction of color and texture. Interfaced with technology it transforms environments." "But with businesses looking to optimize their space and reduce the overall number of desks, the type of furniture being used around the office bears both a tangible and indirect cost." Furniture can account for between 10 and 25 percent of overall fit-out costs. And there is more choice than ever before. The global office furniture market, including Folding Computer Desks and swivel chairs, as well as workspace storage units, is growing with companies expected to spend US$84 billion by 2021, according to Statista. Getting the right mix of office furniture is an investment in its own right, says Thomas, but while design trends come and go, what is really important is ensuring the basics like desks and seating meet employee needs and make the most of the available space. "If an office is configured correctly and furniture is not so rigidly arranged, then quarterly update meetings, as well as evening presentations, can be held in-house," Thomas says. "Over the course of the year, that can result in not insignificant cost savings." However furniture is positioned within the office, ensuring that employees have the privacy and the personal space they need to get their work done is key. And in modern offices, design choices also need to accommodate technology and wiring for maximum connectivity. "Today's office spaces can look good but above all, they must be fit for purpose if companies and employees are to get the most from them," says Thomas. As the nature of work evolves, office furniture is changing to keep pace but the basics – a good Office Desk, supportive chairs and comfortable break-out areas are still the essential design elements. The importance of Home Furniture is felt by everyone. One of the things that complete one's house is furniture. These live load elements become a necessity and rather the most crucial part of designing an interior space. The evolution of furniture from their basic utility to them being a luxury symbol and their beautiful designs are taking a leap in today's world. Furniture brings about changes in the space and its functionality. The range, variety of designs and type of furniture are making every dead and dull area a lively experience. We bring to you ways showing the importance of furniture in designing and styling a house. 1. Enhances the space The most integral part of house interiors is the presence and mobility of furniture. The wide-ranging variety of furniture from chairs, tables, beds, Organizer and their further type divisions bring out the overall attire of your house. The grace and beauty of the house are complete with the placement of furniture as a part of the décor or either as a utility. 2. Well Equipped The presence of furniture in the house makes your house a substantial and functional unit. The wide range and further variety of each Dining Table category give meaning to your house decor and makes the spaces well equipped and stocked. Even, it comes out more intact and impressive. 3. Comfort at its best Furniture makes your life easier and provides you with warmth in the house. The presence of furniture gives you an ease of mind towards the utility and styling, hence a peaceful and at ease experience as a whole. 4. Purpose of Utility The endless categories of furniture make us want more to our endless utility and comfort. Tables ranging from center tables to coffee tables are picked up for their specific purpose and utility. Similarly for Kitchen Shelf and beds ranging from dining chairs, armchairs, office chairs, sofa cum bed, bunk beds, king-queen size bed configurations open up a purpose of utility list for us to choose from.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
MAXIMIZE YOUR USE OF INKJET PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
Описание: MAXIMIZE YOUR USE OF INKJET PRINTING TECHNOLOGY What should you keep in mind when designing a project for inkjet printing? Take a look at these tips that can improve results on your next project. High-speed digital inkjet printing technology opens new doors for designers – from building more personal connections with audiences to printing unique projects more cost-effectively. However, inkjet printing technology is not the same as offset printing or toner-based digital printing and requires some different design approaches. If you're new to using Inkjet Printer, follow these best practices to ensure your finished project looks as amazing as you envision it. Keep an Open Mind — The guidelines for designing and printing an inkjet project are not the same as those recommended for offset printing, and the learning curve can be steeper than you might expect. The ink formulation is different, the machines might be unfamiliar, and you may need to use paper that has been treated to accept inkjet inks. Approach your first inkjet project with an open mind and a willingness to adjust your expectations. A great resource to consider is "The Designer's Guide to Inkjet" by Elizabeth Gooding and Mary Schilling, providing valuable insight to understanding the potential of inkjet printing technology. The Thermal Transfer Overprinter can display and print Arabic characters, with font support from Windows TrueType. And it supports 19 languages, including Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Turkish. The bidirectional ribbon drive recaptures unused ribbon after each print, maintaining a 1-mm gap between prints for the length of the ribbon. The 8.4-in SVGA and color touchscreen have icon-based controls. The job display features preview zoom to reduce operator error. The device can change between intermittent and continuous modes, in right or left-hand operation. Serial, Ethernet, and USB communications are standard. The controller can manage up to four printers. Date Coding Machines are machines that apply date information on products, packaging, and labels. Date coding of products – especially food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products–is required by local regulations around the globe. Manufacturers also need date codes for internal tracking and to ensure that products are shipped promptly to market. The date that a product is manufactured often determines a product's expiration date, which is required to be prominently displayed on certain food, beverage, and pharmaceutical product packaging and labeling. Date coding technology and machines Most date coders today are automatic, incorporating software programmed to automatically generate and apply date codes on large volumes of products. Many date coders are used on high-speed production lines and are able to maintain a high print quality while printing on moving products and packages. On some of these production line coders, line operators manually generate codes at the beginning of each day's shift. The quality of the components you choose will play an important part in the life of your packaging equipment. Your Packaging Machine parts might rely on everything from cable ties and PCB mounting hardware to clamping levers and screw-on rubber bumper feet. Choose your components wisely and you can deliver a semi-automated or automated packaging machine that performs for years. This guide is designed to help you make those choices. We'll focus on three types of packaging machines, but most of the components shown for each can be used on all machines, such as can packing machines, cardboard box packing machines, carton wrapping machines, and sheet packing machines. A Belt Conveyor is a material handling system designed to move supplies, materials, and components using an efficient and effortless process that saves on time, energy, and cost. The design of conveyor belts includes two motorized pulleys with the conveyor material looped over them. The pulleys operate at the same speed and move in the same direction to activate the motion of the conveyor belt. There is an endless number of types and uses for conveyor belts. All of the varieties serve the purpose of transporting materials and goods along a continuously moving path. Though motorized conveyor belts are the traditional form of a conveying system, there are systems that use rollers without a motor to move materials. Hot Ink Roll (ink roller, hot ink roller) suitable for use on any ink roll coder available in the market for printing date code, lot/batch number etc. Working on an ink roll coder printing by plastic film or paper, the ink roll is able to produce at high speed many thousands of instant dry, highly legible print that has good adhesion and rub resistance. No mess and solvent free printing is another advantage of using ink roll for your coding requirements.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
Understanding Compressors
Описание: Understanding Compressors Industrial Air Compressors are mechanical devices used to increase pressure in a variety of compressible fluids, or gases, the most common of these being air. Compressors are used throughout industry to provide shop or instrument air; to power air tools, paint sprayers, and abrasive blast equipment; to phase shift refrigerants for air conditioning and refrigeration; to propel gas through pipelines; etc. As with pumps, compressors are divided into centrifugal (or dynamic or kinetic) and positive-displacement types; but where pumps are predominately represented by centrifugal varieties, compressors are more often of the positive- displacement type. They can range in size from the fits-in-a-glovebox unit that inflates tires to the giant reciprocating or turbocompressor machines found in pipeline service. Positive-displacement Compressor For General Industrys can be further broken out into reciprocating types, where the piston style predominates, and rotary types such as the helical screw and rotary vane. Piston Compressors Piston compressors, or reciprocating compressors, rely on the reciprocating action of one or more pistons to compress gas within a cylinder (or cylinders) and discharge it through valving into high pressure receiving tanks. In many instances, the tank and Compressor For Steel are mounted in a common frame or skid as a so-called packaged unit. While the major application of piston compressors is providing compressed air as an energy source, piston compressors are also used by pipeline operators for natural gas transmission. Piston compressors are generally selected on the pressure required (psi) and the flow rate (scfm). A typical plant-air system provides compressed air in the 90-110 psi range, with volumes anywhere from 30 to 2500 cfm; these ranges are generally attainable through commercial, off-the-shelf units. Plant-air systems can be sized around a single unit or can be based on multiple smaller units which are spaced throughout the plant. To achieve higher air pressures than can be provided by a single stage compressor, two-stage units are available. Compressed air entering the second stage normally passes through an intercooler beforehand to eliminate some of the heat generated during the first-stage cycle. Speaking of heat, many piston compressors are designed to operate within a duty cycle, rather than continuously. Such cycles allow heat generated during the operation to dissipate, in many instances, through air-cooled fins. Piston Compressor For Minings are available as both oil-lubricated and oil-free designs. For some applications which require oil-free air of the highest quality, other designs are better suited. Diaphragm Compressors A somewhat specialized reciprocating design, the diaphragm compressor uses a motor-mounted concentric that oscillates a flexible disc which alternately expands and contracts the volume of the compression chamber. Much like a diaphragm pump, the drive is sealed from the process fluid by the flexible disc, and thus there is no possibility of lubricant coming into contact with any gas. Diaphragm air compressors are relatively low capacity machines that have applications where very clean air is required, as in many laboratory and medical settings. Helical Screw Compressors Helical-screw compressors are rotary compressor machines known for their capacity to operate on 100% duty cycle, making them good choices for trailerable applications such as construction or road building. Using geared, meshing male and female rotors, these units pull gas in at the drive end, compress it as the rotors form a cell and the gas travels their length axially, and discharge the compressed gas through a discharge port on the non-drive end of the Oil Injected Screw Air Compressor casing. The rotary screw compressor action makes it quieter than a reciprocating compressor owing to reduced vibration. Another advantage of the screw compressor over piston types is the discharge air is free of pulsations. These units can be oil- or water- lubricated, or they can be designed to make oil-free air. These designs can meet the demands of critical oil-free service. Sliding Vane Compressors A sliding-vane compressor relies on a series of vanes, mounted in a rotor, which sweep along the inside wall of an eccentric cavity. The vanes, as they rotate from the suction side to the discharge side of the eccentric cavity, reduce the volume of space they are sweeping past, compressing the gas trapped within the space. The vanes glide along on an oil film which forms on the wall of the eccentric cavity, providing a seal. Sliding-vane compressors cannot be made to provide oil-free air, but they are capable of providing compressed air that is free of pulsations. They are also forgiving of contaminants in their environments owing to the use of bushings rather than bearings and their relatively slow-speed operation compared to screw compressors. They are relatively quiet, reliable, and capable of operating at 100% duty cycles. Some sources claim that rotary vane compressors have been largely overtaken by screw compressors in Oil Free Screw Air Compressor applications. They are used in many non-air applications in the oil and gas and other process industries. Scroll Compressors Scroll air compressors use stationary and orbiting spirals which decrease the volume of space between them as the orbiting spirals trace the path of the fixed spirals. Intake of gas occurs at the outer edge of the scrolls and discharge of the compressed gas takes place near the center. Because the scrolls do not contact, no lubricating oil is needed, making the compressor intrinsically oil-free. However, because no oil is used in removing the heat of compression as it is with other designs, capacities for scroll compressors are somewhat limited. They are often used in low-end High Pressure Air Compressors and home air-conditioning compressors. Rotary Lobe Compressors Rotary-lobe compressors are high-volume, low-pressure devices more appropriately classified as blowers. To learn more about blowers, download the free Thomas Blowers Buying Guide. Centrifugal Compressors Centrifugal compressors rely on high-speed pump-like impellers to impart velocity to gases to produce an increase in pressure. They are seen mainly in high-volume applications such as commercial refrigeration units in the 100+ hp ranges and in large processing plants where they can get as large as 20,000 hp and deliver volumes in the 200,000 cfm range. Almost identical in construction to centrifugal pumps, centrifugal Portable Air Compressors increase the velocity of gas by throwing it outward by the action of a spinning impeller. The gas expands in a casing volute, where its velocity slows and its pressure rises. Centrifugal compressors have lower compression ratios than displacement compressors, but they handle vast volumes of gas. Many centrifugal compressors use multiple stages to improve the compression ratio. In these multi-stage compressors, the gas usually passes through intercoolers between stages.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
New Molecular Sieve Offers Greener Way to Filter Chemicals
Описание: New Molecular Sieve Offers Greener Way to Filter Chemicals US researchers have made Molecular Sieve fibers that open up new possibilities for large scale chemical separations that use much less energy than conventional distillation methods. Sankar Nair and his Georgia Institute of Technology team have shown their metal–organic framework (MOF)-lined fibers can perform similarly to distillation in separating propylene and propane. That's the same post-cracking raw mixture that the majority of the 77 million tons of propylene produced in 2011 was distilled from. 'The degree of separation by the membrane is comparable, but uses vastly less energy,' Nair says. Though scientists recognize MOF membranes' separation potential, they've mostly been fabricated on large tubes, whose surface area-to-volume ratio is too low for producing cheap separation modules. Micron-scale fibers would be better, but inside them conditions for successful membrane formation change significantly, Nair explains. 'The amount of reactant present in the fiber is miniscule, and molecular transport and reaction processes are quite different,' he says. The Georgia Tech team's new approach uses two solutions – one containing zinc ions and another containing methyl imidazole. With one solution inside 250μm diameter hollow poly(amide-imide) porous fibers and another outside them, they start forming a zeolitic imidazolite framework (ZIF) where the two meet. They initially explored conditions where the solution inside the fiber didn't move, but got patchy coatings. When they realized this setup wasn't supplying enough reactant, they pumped the inner solution through the fiber, getting better coatings but struggling to control thickness and quality. Finally, they devised an intermittent approach, allowing the membrane to grow under static conditions, then periodically replenishing the reactant supply. This lets Nair's team direct film growth inside the fiber or on its inner or outer surfaces through different reagent and solvent permutations. Using tiny pores in MOF films inside the bore of the fibers as selective Carbon Molecular Sieves they then separated hydrogen or propylene from propane. 'We have a demonstrated path to "scale down" MOF membranes to hollow fibers, in a manner that we can now look to "scale up" by an in-parallel replication of the process to many fibers bundled together into a module,' Nair explains. What are Pneumatic Solenoid Valves? Pneumatic solenoid valves are electromechanical devices that control the flow of air or process gas. They are mostly used for controlling pneumatic actuators such as cylinders, turbines (pneumatic motors), diaphragms, and tubes. Pneumatic Valve and actuators form auxiliary air circuits. These devices are used to control plant equipment. Other pneumatic solenoid valves are used as an integral part of some pieces of equipment or processes. Examples are compressed air systems, vacuum systems, ventilation systems, and air-operated equipment. Pneumatic solenoid valves are commonly seen in many industrial and manufacturing plants. One of their main benefits is being remote controlled by sending low-power electric signals over large distances. These electric signals are easily handled by the plant's control system. A control panel or unit distributes signals that manipulate the valve at unattended locations in the process area. Pneumatic solenoid valves are employed in a wide range of industries such as oil and gas, power generation, chemical, and plastics. Angle Seat Valve in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, and beverage are preferred because of their clean operation. They are much cleaner than hydraulic solenoid valves which mainly use oil. They can be sealed to prevent any product from being trapped within its internal cavities. This, in turn, lessens the risk of product contamination. Working Principle The heart of a Shuttle Valve is the solenoid. A solenoid is an electromagnetic actuator that converts electrical energy into mechanical action. It consists of a coiled wire tightly wrapped around an iron core, and a ferromagnetic plug or plunger. As an electrical current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field lines can be imagined as a series of circles with the direction of their current axis. In the case of a current flowing through a looped coil, the circles combine forming the magnetic field. The magnetic field around the coil causes the ferromagnetic plunger to become attracted. The electromagnetic force generated can be increased using two ways. The first is by adding more loops or windings in the coil. This increases the number of magnetic field lines or flux emanating from the coil. The second method is by increasing the amount of current flowing through the coil. This increases the supply voltage into the solenoid. Solenoid Valves operate with either DC or AC voltages. The other main part of a pneumatic solenoid valve is the valve. The valve is the part in contact with air or gas. It is made up of components designed to withstand the pressure of the system. It also resists corrosion and erosion brought by contaminants entrained into the pneumatic system. Parts of a Pneumatic Solenoid Valve The previous chapter generally describes the two main parts of a pneumatic solenoid valve, the solenoid, and the valve. To further understand its operation, it is useful to note its detailed components. Below are the parts of a 2 Way Solenoid Valve common to almost every design. The core, also referred to as the armature or plunger, is the moving part of a solenoid. This is a soft magnetic metal (soft, meaning a ferromagnetic metal that can easily be magnetized and demagnetized at low magnetic fields). When the coil is energized generating a magnetic field, the core is attracted which opens or closes the valve.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
Brazing
Описание: Brazing What is vacuum brazing? Brazing is a metal-joining process in which two or more materials are joined when a filler metal (with a melting point lower than those of the materials themselves) is drawn into the joint between them by capillary action. Vacuum Brazing Euipments have many advantages over other metal-joining techniques, particularly welding. Since the base metals never melt, brazing allows much tighter control over tolerances and produces a cleaner connection, normally without the need for secondary finishing. Because components are heated uniformly, brazing consequently results in less thermal distortion than welding. This process also provides the ability to easily join dissimilar metals and non-metals and is ideally suited to cost-effective joining of complex and multi-part assemblies. How does vacuum brazing work? High Temperature Vacuum Brazing Furnace is carried out in the absence of air, using a specialized furnace, which delivers significant advantages: Extremely clean, flux-free joints of high integrity and superior strength Improved temperature uniformity Lower residual stresses due to slow heating and cooling cycle Significantly improved thermal and mechanical properties of the material Heat treating or age hardening in the same furnace cycle Easily adapted for mass production In order to obtain high-quality brazed joints, parts must be closely fitted and the base metals must be clean and free of oxides, normally accomplished by either chemical or mechanical (abrasive) cleaning. In the case of mechanical cleaning, proper surface roughness must be maintained as the capillary action of the filler material occurs much more readily on a rough surface than a smooth surface. Temperature and time are also important factors that contribute to the quality of brazed joints. As the temperature of the braze alloy is increased, the alloying and wetting action of the filler metal increases as well. In general, the temperature selected must be above the melting point of the filler metal, though there are several other factors that influence temperature selection. Typically, the preferred process will have the lowest possible braze temperature to minimize heat effects on the assembly, keep filler metal/base metal interactions to a minimum and maximize the life of fixtures. Most production braze processes are optimized to minimize Low Temperature Vacuum Brazing Furnace time and the associated costs. In vacuum processing, the load being heated in the furnace is rapidly cooled at the end of the heat cycle to impart desired physical properties in a process referred to as quenching. Although the metallurgical reasons for quenching vary depending on the process used, in all cases the goal is to quickly cool the load. Gas quenching involves introducing an inert gas (i.e. nitrogen, argon, or helium) into the furnace and rapidly circulating it through the heating chamber under pressure to remove the stored thermal energy from the load. While being circulated, the gas is forced through a Vacuum Heat Treatment Furnace to remove its heat. There are several interesting and important factors that play a role in the design of a heat exchanger used for quenching and cooling workloads in a vacuum furnace. In order to understand the function of the heat exchanger in the quenching process, we first want to review the fundamentals of the heat exchanger operation. An Atmosphere Heat Treatment Furnace is a device that transfers heat from one fluid (liquid or gas) to another fluid (liquid or gas) without the two fluids coming in direct contact. The type of heat exchanger typically used in a vacuum furnace is the finned tube type. Heat is first transferred from the hot gas to the fins and then to the tubes by convection, then through the tube wall by conduction and finally from the tube interior to the cold fluid inside the tube, again by convection. The efficiency of a heat exchanger is highly dependent on the mode of heat transfer, with convection being the dominant form of heat transfer in fluids. However, the conductivity of the materials must also be considered. What Is a Sintering Furnace? Shaping Materials With Heat in Vacuum Sintering Furnaces A sintering furnace is used during the sintering process, which involves heating powder compacts to increase the product's mechanical strength, density, and translucency. Sintering ovens must be able to maintain heating temperatures below the product's melting point, as the goal is not to liquefy the material. Rather, sintering furnaces are used more to shape materials into their final product. Sintering Process vs. Annealing Process What is the difference between sintering and annealing? Sintering, also called frittage, uses heat to agglomerate metal particles. Sintering in metallurgy uses heat treatment to increase the material's strength and structural integrity. In many industries, the Powder Metallurgy Equipments process uses sintering to create end-use parts. The annealing process is similar to sintering because it alters a material's physical and, sometimes, chemical properties. An annealing oven uses heat to remove internal stresses from certain materials, such as stoneware or metal. It requires heating a material above its recrystallization temperature. With annealing, the material maintains this temperature for a given amount of time, then cools. Industries and Applications that Use Sintering Furnaces The manufacturing industry uses Box Sintering Furnaces to produce metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials. A sintering oven is commonly used by players in manufacturing to develop: Stainless-steel tools Shotgun shells Aircraft hydraulic systems Pottery Ceramics Ski bases Snowboard bases
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
Benefits of Industrial Plugs and Sockets
Описание: Benefits of Industrial Plugs and Sockets Industrial and multiphase plugs and sockets provide a connection to the electrical mains rated at higher voltages and currents than household plugs and sockets. They are generally used in polyphase systems, with high currents, or when protection from environmental hazards is required. Industrial outlets may have weatherproof covers, waterproofing sleeves, or may be interlocked with a switch to prevent accidental disconnection of an energized plug. Some types of connectors are approved for hazardous areas such as coal mines or petrochemical plants, where flammable gas may be present. While some forms of power plugs and sockets are set by international standards, countries may have their own different standards and regulations. For example, the colour-coding of wires may not be the same as for small mains plugs. It is the electricity that is powering the world in which we are living today. A good number of resources of this planet are put to use just to generate electricity. Thus, it should be our constant endeavour not misuse it and utilize it efficiently. To ensure this we must use highly efficient and reliable electrical devices and equipment. Similarly, good quality plugs and sockets that helps in the power transmission must also be used. The Industrial Plugs and sockets connect various electrical appliances used in an industry. The socket, wire, and plug complete a connection and it is through them we can harness the benefits of electricity. Therefore, there is a need to take an extra care of the plugs and sockets that we put to use. Construction and Color Coding Generally, the plug is the movable Industrial Connector attached to an electrically operated device's mains cable, and the socket is fixed on equipment or a building structure and connected to an energized electrical circuit. The plug has protruding pins or, in US terminology, blades (referred to as male) that fit into matching slots or holes (called female) in the sockets. A plug is defined in IEC 60050 as an accessory having pins designed to engage with the contacts of a socket-outlet, also incorporating means for the electrical connection and mechanical retention of flexible cables or cords, a plug does not contain components that modify the electrical output from the electrical input (except where a switch or fuse is provided as a means of disconnecting the output from input). In this article, the term "plug" is used in the sense defined by IEC 60050. Sockets are designed to prevent exposure of bare energized contacts. To reduce the risk of users accidentally touching energized conductors and thereby experiencing electric shock, plug and socket systems often incorporate safety features in addition to the recessed slots or holes of the energized socket. These may include plugs with insulated sleeves, recessed sockets, sockets with blocking shutters, and sockets designed to accept only compatible plugs inserted in the correct orientation. Voltage rating and other characteristics are represented by a color code (in three-phase plugs the stated voltage is the phase-phase voltage, not the phase-neutral voltage). Plugs have the earth pin of a larger diameter than the others, and are located in different places depending on the voltage rating, making it impossible to mate, for instance, a blue plug with a yellow socket. Since the different current ratings have different overall sizes, it is also not possible to mate different pin configurations or current ratings. For example, a 16 A 3P+E 400 V plug will not mate with a 16 A 3P+N+E 400 V socket and a 16 A P+N+E 230 V plug will not mate with a 32 A P+N+E 230 V socket. Industrial Socket A socket is a way through which the plug connects the appliance, which generally consists, plastic covering that coats the wiring and socket loops provided in the plug settings such that nickel is coated in the wires to avoid corrosion as well as easier conductivity. An artificially hollow electrical device in which plugs of several applications fits in, to receive the adequate energy, is called an Industrial Socket. These days many different types of sockets are available as per the application and requirement. Some of the main types are raw socket, stream socket, datagram socket, etc. Also, the industrial sockets are available in the various combinations of pins. Industrial Plug A plug consists of easier words pins, holder translator and connector. A socket holds in detail, a thread to ensure contact, an open contact sleeve to protect it from dust and other dirt, a special design to hold the socket current, a one-piece contact pin in conductivity and nickel-plated for non-corrosion conductivity. An important electrical device that is used to connect various electronics with the source of electricity is called an Industrial Plug. A plug gets fit into the socket to receive the necessary power that it requires to run the electrical equipment. It acts as a medium between the electrical device and the socket to transmit electricity. Its main function is to connect and disconnect the application whenever required. A Mechanical Interlock is an interlock that is physically connected to another device to prevent unintended actions. Full voltage reversing motor starter A simple example of a mechanical interlock is a full voltage reversing motor starter. The dashed line in between the forward and reverse contact indicates that there is a mechanical interlock. This prevents the motor's forward and reverses contactor coils from energizing at the same time. Energizing both contactor coils at the same time would cause damage to the motor. Camlock fitting, also known as cam and groove coupling, is a form of quick hose coupling providing quick connection and disconnection for pumps, tanks, and equipment. With the features of simplicity, reliability, and versatility, Camlock fitting is trendy among many industrial sectors. They are widely applied industrial couplings available today as they realized the easy and reliable means of connecting and disconnecting hoses without using any tools. In this article, we are going to discuss what is Camlock fittings and the working principle of Camlock, and it aims to provide you more insight about Camlock fitting, understanding application, and how to use Camlock fittings. Consisting of a modular housing and insulated body, terminal blocks are used to secure two or more wires together in electrical systems in need of safe connections. Also known as screw terminals, terminal connectors, or connection terminals, Terminal Blocks offer engineers semi-permanent wire connections that provide organized and simplified inspection or repair capabilities in the field. Although a widely used component in numerous applications, it is still important to have a basic understanding of common terminal block types and specifications before making a final selection. This article will cover topics including key electrical and mechanical considerations, safety ratings, and more in greater detail to aid engineers in the selection process.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22
Every Question You've Ever Had About Lash Extensions, Answered
Описание: Every Question You've Ever Had About Lash Extensions, Answered What Are Lash Extensions? Eyelash Extensions are semi-permanent fibers that are attached to your natural eyelashes in order to make your lash fringe look longer, fuller, and darker. Individual lash extensions are applied to each of your individual natural eyelashes (one extension per natural eyelash) using a semi-permanent glue. The material varies from studio to studio, but lash extensions can be made of synthetic, mink, faux mink, or silk fibers. Most studios offer a variety of extension lengths, curl patterns, and tints so clients can customize their look. Types of Eyelash Extensions Lash artists use three different kinds of Individual Eyelash Extension materials: mink, silk, and synthetic. Some studios also carry "faux mink" extensions, which are technically just synthetic extensions that mimic mink extensions. Most lash studios have their preference for the type of lash extension they use and won't always ask you if you have a preference. So if you're vegan or allergic to cats, be sure to specifically request that mink lash extensions are not used on you. No lash extension type lasts longer than the other, but mink and silk lashes tend to have a more natural look, while synthetic lashes can be thicker and darker, which is better suited for those who want a bolder look. Within these three categories (mink, silk, and synthetic), there are varying degrees of length and curl to choose from. Typically your lash artist will use multiple lengths and curl strengths to create a wide-eyed effect, with longer lashes being placed towards the outer corners of the eyes and shorter lashes placed on the inner corners. What's the Application Process Like? " are carefully applied one at a time (typically 80-140 per eye) using a specially-formulated, semi-permanent glue that will not irritate or damage the natural lash," says Richardson. "The lash is only applied to an existing lash, not to the skin." While the exact process varies from salon to salon, here's what you can expect: Evaluation: "Prior to application, the technician should go through all the risks and benefits of having Fast Fanning Lashess before applying them, and also ask about any conditions you may have that would make eyelash extensions unsuitable for you," says Richardson. They'll also ask you to remove your contacts if you wear them. Decide on Extension Length and Curl Strength: Your lash artist should start the process by asking you what kind of look you're going for, whether that be more glamorous or more natural. Based on your desired look, you'll choose an ideal length and curl strength for the extensions. Keep in mind that your artist may decide to use up to 3-4 different extension lengths, concentrating longer extensions on the outer corners and shorter extensions on the inner eyes. Application: Using tweezers, your lash artist will dip the end of each extension in the lash glue and then apply it to your individual lash. In most cases, one eyelash extension is applied per natural lash, however, more voluminous looks can require multiple extensions per individual natural lash. The application isn't painful, although you may feel anxious having tweezers operate so close to your eyes while they're closed. False eyelashes have gone from a special occasion look to becoming an everyday necessity for some. Two popular ways to obtain those long, beautiful lashes are wearing temporary lashes or getting semi-permanent lash extensions applied by a licensed cosmetologist or esthetician. To apply temporary false lashes, Eyelash Adhesive is used along the band of the false lashes to attach them right above your natural lashes. This kind of lash adhesive is typically made of an adhesive component, solvents, surfactants, and ammonium hydroxide. Some adhesives contain glycol ethers, which are potentially toxic if swallowed. Glycol ethers are a group of solvents that are commonly found in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, cleaners, and many other industrial and home products. The toxic dose of most glycol ethers is unknown. In addition, lash adhesives can contain chemicals that are generally irritating like alcohol and detergents. Semi-permanent lash extensions last longer than temporary lashes, usually 6 to 8 weeks. Semi-permanent eyelash extensions are applied on each strand of the natural eyelashes with a semi-permanent glue, typically a cyanoacrylate adhesive. Cyanoacrylate is also found in instant bond glues like Super Glue? or Krazy Glue?. Even though they share ingredients, it is important that you never substitute one of these general-purpose glues for Eyelash Extensions Glue! In liquid form, cyanoacrylate exists as monomers. When they interact with water or the moisture in the air, the monomers polymerize and join to bond surfaces together. It is a fast-acting adhesive that dries and sets within seconds. Cyanoacrylate can be an irritant to the skin and eyes in liquid form and when its fumes are inhaled. Once cyanoacrylate is dried, it is inert. However, dried cyanoacrylate forms a small, solid lump that can be physically irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. To remove temporary lashes, dab the top of the lashes with warm water, Eyelash Cream Remover, or eye makeup remover to loosen the adhesive. If necessary, semi-permanent extensions can be loosened with an oil-based eye makeup remover or an oily substance such as coconut oil. However, removing semi-permanent lashes at home could result in pulling out your natural lashes. If possible, semi-permanent lashes should be removed by a licensed professional. Eyelash Tweezers for eyelash extension are designed to assist in perfecting the finest details of the lash artistry. In fact, eyelash extension tweezers are one of the few lash extension supplies that you need to use from the beginning to the end of the session. Therefore, mastering the skill to use professional tweezers is a crucial step towards mastering the art of eyelash extension.
Дата Публикации: 26-09-22