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Understanding Metal Stamping

Описание: Understanding Metal Stamping Metal stamping is a cold-forming process that makes use of dies and stamping presses to transform sheet metal into different shapes. Pieces of flat sheet metal, typically referred to as blanks, is fed into a sheet metal stamping press that uses a tool and die surface to form the metal into a new shape. Production facilities and metal fabricators offering stamping services will place the material to be stamped between die sections, where the use of pressure will shape and shear the material into the desired final shape for the product or component. This article describes the metal stamping process and steps, presents the types of stamping presses typically employed, looks at the advantages of stamping compared to other fabrication processes, and explains the different types of stamping operations and their applications. Basic Concepts of Metal Stamping Metal stamping, also referred to as pressing, is a low-cost high-speed manufacturing process that can produce a high volume of identical metal components. Stamping operations are suitable for both short or long production runs, and be conducted with other metal forming operations, and may consist of one or more of a series of more specific processes or techniques, such as: Punching Blanking Embossing Coining Bending Flanging Punching and blanking refer to the use of a die to cut the material into specific forms. In punching operations, a scrap piece of material is removed as the punch enters the die, effectively leaving a hole in the workpiece. Blanking, on the other hand, removes a workpiece from the primary material, making that removed component the desired workpiece or blank. Embossing is a process for creating either a raised or recessed design in sheet metal, by pressing the raw blank against a die that contains the desired shape, or by passing the material blank through a roller die. Coining is a bending technique wherein the workpiece is stamped while placed between a die and the punch or press. This action causes the punch tip to penetrate the metal and results in accurate, repeatable bends. The deep penetration also relieves internal stresses in the metal workpiece, resulting in no spring back effects. Bending refers to the general technique of forming metal into desired shapes such as L, U, or V-shaped profiles. The bending process for metal results in a plastic deformation which stresses above the yield point but below the tensile strength. Bending typically occurs around a single axis. Flanging is a process of introducing a flare or flange onto a metal workpiece through the use of dies, presses, or specialized flanging machinery. Metal stamping machines may do more than just stamping; they can cast, punch, cut and shape metal sheets. Machines can be programmed or computer numerically controlled (CNC) to offer high precision and repeatability for each stamped piece. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) and computer-aided design (CAD) programs ensure accuracy. Various tooling machines for the dies used in the stampings are available. Progressive, forming, compound, and carbide tooling perform specific stamping needs. Progressive dies can be used to create multiple pieces on a single piece simultaneously. The Basics of Metal Stamping Metal stamping is a manufacturing process used to convert flat metal sheets into specific shapes. It is a complex process that can include a number of metal forming techniques — blanking, punching, bending and piercing, to name a few. There are thousands of companies across the U.S. that offer metal stamping services to deliver components for industries in automotive, aerospace, medical, and other markets.As global markets evolve, there is an escalated need for quickly-produced large quantities of complex parts. Stamping Basics Stamping — also called pressing — involves placing flat sheet metal, in either coil or blank form, into a stamping press. In the press, a tool and die surface form the metal into the desired shape. Punching, blanking, bending, coining, embossing, and flanging are all stamping techniques used to shape the metal. Before the material can be formed, stamping professionals must design the tooling via CAD/CAM engineering technology. These designs must be as precise as possible to ensure each punch and bend maintains proper clearance and, therefore, optimal part quality. A single tool 3D model can contain hundreds of parts, so the design process is often quite complex and time-consuming. Once the tool’s design is established, a manufacturer can use a variety of machining, grinding, wire EDM and other manufacturing services to complete its production. Types of Metal Stamping There are three major types of metal stamping techniques: progressive, fourslide and deep draw. Progressive Die Stamping Progressive die stamping features a number of stations, each with a unique function. First, strip metal is feds through a progressive stamping press. The strip unrolls steadily from a coil and into the die press, where each station in the tool then performs a different cut, punch, or bend. The actions of each successive station add onto the work of the previous stations, resulting in a completed part. Multi-product inspection A manufacturer might have to repeatedly change the tool on a single press or occupy a number of presses, each performing one action required for a completed part. Even using multiple presses, secondary machining services were often required to truly complete a part. Traditional machine vision solutions are designed to inspect only one item at a specific point on the production line. This makes them unpractical for a sector such as plastic injection moulding, where the same production line can potentially make various products that come in varying shapes and forms. However, Inspekto TYPES?, one of the many apps that can be installed on the S70, allows plastics manufacturers to overcome this issue. While traditional machine vision solutions can only monitor one product at any given location on the production line, an S70 system installed with TYPES? is able to inspect any number of products — even tens or hundreds of different products — at that same location on the line. Emerging from the traditional constraints of one-product-per-solution, AMV allows manufacturers to inspect a variety of items with one single system, something that was unthinkable until recently. Self-adjusting camera parameters Another typical problem in this sector is achieving the correct lighting of the parts to be inspected. Typically, injection moulds have smooth, highly reflective surfaces that resemble mirrors. Additionally, moulds can be the same colour of the plastic polymer, or can appear that way because of a lack of contrast due to insufficient illumination of the inside of the mould. Finally, moulding machines are built to be as compact as possible, so that they will open just enough to eject the part, but not enough to guarantee adequate illumination for visual QA. All these challenges make inspection hard for traditional QA solutions, but not for AMV systems, which are designed to self-adjust their camera parameters to obtain perfect lighting, focus and contrast. In this way, the plastic parts can be illuminated in a way that clearly differentiates one from the other, allowing the system to perform effective visual QA in total autonomy. An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. In most cases, a manufacturing product assembly line is a semi-automated system through which a product moves. At each station along the line some part of the production process takes place. The workers and machinery used to produce the item are stationary along the line and the product moves through the cycle, from start to finish. Assembly line methods were originally introduced to increase factory productivity and efficiency. Advances in assembly line methods are made regularly as new and more efficient ways of achieving the goal of increased throughput (the number of products produced in a given period of time) are found. While assembly line methods apply primarily to manufacturing processes, business experts have also been known to apply these principles to other areas of business, from product development to management. The introduction of the assembly line to American manufacturing floors in the early part of the twentieth century fundamentally transformed the character of production facilities and businesses throughout the nation. Thanks to the assembly line, production periods shortened, equipment costs accelerated, and labor and management alike endeavored to keep up with the changes. Today, using modern assembly line methods, manufacturing has become a highly refined process in which value is added to parts along the line. Increasingly, assembly line manufacturing is characterized by "concurrent processes"—multiple parallel activities that feed into a final assembly stage. These processes require sophisticated communications systems, material flow plans, and production schedules. The fact that the assembly line system is a single, large system means that failures at one point in the "line" cause slowdowns and repercussions from that point forward. Keeping the entire system running smoothly requires a great deal of coordination between the parts of the system.   

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

How To Choose The Right High Brightness LCD Panel?

Описание:  How To Choose The Right High Brightness LCD Panel? Due to the increasing use of electronic products, there are many electronic products used outdoors. How to choose a high-brightness LCD panel, the article content will give you a few points on how to choose a high brightness LCD panel. What are the special requirements for high brightness LCD panel? 1. The brightness should be high, visible in the case of direct sunlight, the brightness of the high brightness LCD should be 1000-3000nit. 2. High temperature and low temperature resistance; high brightness LCD panel operating temperature should be -30℃ to +70℃ 3. The anti-drop performance should be reliable; the high-brightness LCD panel should be able to meet the drop test. 4. The product perspective should be large, the display should reach 89 above the full viewing angle Does high brightness of LCD panel lead to high power consumption? The brightness of the high brightness LCD panel is determined by the brightness of the backlight. There are many ways to increase the brightness of the backlight, Classified by whether increasing power consumption: 1. Directly increase the power consumption to increase the brightness of the highlighted LCD screen. increase the number of LED lights， increase the current of the LED lamp. The advantage is to increase the brightness directly. The disadvantage is that the power consumption is increased and the heat generation is increased. 2. A conventional design that does not increase power consumption but can increase brightness. Use a film with higher optical effects, such as high brightness, high transparency, high reflectivity LED light with large chip can increase brightness under the same power consumption The advantage is that the brightness can be further improved, and the cost performance is higher, and the power consumption is increased by zero. The downside is that costs are rising significantly. The Importance of High Brightness LCD Displays For A Range of Industries Liquid-crystal display, or better known as LCD, is a flat-panel display technology that primarily uses liquid crystals. Although liquid crystals do not directly emit light, experts use reflectors or backlights to produce colorful or monochromatic images. Think of these liquid crystals and their light-modulating properties being sandwiched between thin glasses. A diversely wide range of applications benefits from LCD technology. Commonly known applications are televisions, smartphones, computer monitors, cockpit displays, digital signage, and touch screen displays. It is also applied to other electronic products such as DVD players, clocks, and video game devices. Advancements in industrial touch screen flat-panel liquid-crystal displays In nearly all fields and applications, LCD has replaced the older, bulkier display technology that is known as cathode ray tube or CRT. LCD offers more screen size options, which makes its flexibility more appealing to both consumer and provider. An LCD screen is thin and light and requires lower power consumption than a CRT display. A industrial high brightness LCD display can consume much lesser than a heavy CRT display screen. Due to its low power consumption, there is little heat emitted while it is used. LCD screens also display sharper images that cannot be smeared using a native resolution. It also has a masking effect – an LCD grid can create an illusion of higher image qualities. Compared again to a CRT display, the LCD is preferable as it emits almost no electromagnetic radiation. The Industries That Benefit from LCD High Brightness Displays Many people may think that tech industries utilize LCD technology more than any other public or private field/sector. That is true to an extent. However, it is also a fact that people nowadays depend on the efficient and affordable technologies constantly developed in the modern age; thus, any institution or organization also depending on commercial investments or services would normally need the advantages offered by LCD. LCD high brightness monitors are inexpensive, making them a viable option for companies that manufacture smartphones and other electric or handheld gadgets. In the world of advertising, commercial services may make use of LED screens since they are better for large-scale outdoor displays. On the other hand, some companies may use LCDs if they want to provide displays for enclosed spaces. LCD touchscreen technology versus LED Although LCD and LED are significantly different, LCD is more commonly used in touchscreen technology. LEDs emit more light naturally, but a high brightness LCD display can still attract the attention of the viewer. Video display-developing businesses utilize LCDs more than commercial businesses in a way that they utilize the technology to develop laptops, desktops, and all-in-one touchscreen computers. Laptops have a growing demand because of its own capabilities and advantages, and several laptop brands have already started to conduct other technological integration into LCD. What is the impact of high working temperature on the LCD strip screen? 1. Too high temperature will cause devastating damage to the LCD strip screen （1）LCD displays are usually packaged with silicone. If the working temperature exceeds the solid phase transition temperature (typically 125 °C), the packaging material will become a rubber state and rapidly heat and expand, resulting in an open circuit and failure of the LCD bar screen. （2）If the operating temperature of the strip LCD display exceeds the maximum load-bearing temperature of the chip, its luminous rate will drop rapidly, resulting in light attenuation. The life of an LCD screen is reflected by the attenuation of light, that is to say, the brightness of the LCD screen will decrease over time. 2. The reason why temperature affects the luminous rate of the LCD bar screen: （1）As the temperature increases, the concentration of electrons and holes increases, the band gap decreases, and the electron mobility decreases. （2）High temperature will shift the blue peak of the chip to the long-wave direction, causing the chip's wavelength to not match the phosphor's wavelength, thereby reducing the light extraction efficiency outside the liquid crystal display. （3）As the temperature increases, the quantum efficiency of the phosphor decreases, the luminescence decreases, and the light extraction of the liquid crystal display decreases, resulting in a decrease in the brightness of the liquid crystal display. Since both LED and LCD TVs are based around LCD technology, the question remains: what is the difference? Actually, it’s about what the difference was. Older LCD TVs used cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) to provide lighting, whereas LED LCD TVs used an array of smaller, more efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to illuminate the screen. Since the technology is better, all LCD TVs now use LED lights and are colloquially considered LED TVs. For those interested, we’ll go deeper into backlighting below, or you can move onto the Local Dimming section. Backlighting Three basic illumination forms have been used in LCD TVs: CCFL backlighting, full-array LED backlighting, and LED edge lighting. Each of these illumination technologies is different from one another in important ways. Let’s dig into each. CCFL Backlighting CCFL backlighting is an older, now-abandoned form of display technology in which a series of cold cathode lamps sit across the inside of the TV behind the LCD. The lights illuminate the crystals fairly evenly, which means all regions of the picture will have similar brightness levels. This affects some aspects of picture quality, which we discuss in more detail below. Since CCFLs are larger than LED arrays, CCFL-based LCD TVs are thicker than LED-backlit LCD TVs. Full-array backlighting Full-array backlighting swaps the outdated CCFLs for an array of LEDs spanning the back of the screen, comprising zones of LEDs that can be lit or dimmed in a process called local dimming. TVs using full-array LED backlighting to make up a healthy chunk of the high-end LED TV market, and with good reason — with more precise and even illumination, they can create better picture quality than CCFL LCD TVs were ever able to achieve, with better energy efficiency to boot. Edge lighting Another form of LCD screen illumination is LED edge lighting. As the name implies, edge-lit TVs have LEDs along the edges of a screen. There are a few different configurations, including LEDs along just the bottom, LEDs on the top and bottom, LEDs left and right, and LEDs along all four edges. These different configurations result in picture quality differences, but the overall brightness capabilities still exceed what CCFL LCD TVs could achieve. While there are some drawbacks to edge lighting compared to full-array or direct backlight displays, the upshot is edge lighting that allows manufacturers to make thinner TVs that cost less to manufacture. To better close the local-dimming quality gap between edge-lit TVs and full-array back-lit TVs, manufacturers like Sony and Samsung developed their own advanced edge lighting forms. Sony’s technology is known as “Slim Backlight Master Drive,” while Samsung has “Infinite Array” employed in its line of QLED TVs. These keep the slim form factor achievable through edge-lit design and local dimming quality more on par with full-array backlighting. What is local dimming? Local dimming is a feature of LED LCD TVs wherein the LED light source behind the LCD is dimmed and illuminated to match what the picture demands. LCDs can’t completely prevent light from passing through, even during dark scenes, so dimming the light source itself aids in creating deeper blacks and more impressive contrast in the picture. This is accomplished by selectively dimming the LEDs when that particular part of the picture — or region — is intended to be dark.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

What Is A LAN Cable and LAN?

Описание: What Is A LAN Cable and LAN? There was a question that came up not too long ago from someone browsing our website. They noticed that we commonly changed the terms in which we refer to our cables. Most notably is the way we mention Ethernet and Networking cable. In reality there really isn't any difference between the two terms. They can be both interchangeable when referring to our cables. The thing is though they were wondering what is a LAN cable and is there any difference between that and an ethernet cable? In this article we will break down this term for a better understanding on ethernet terminology. What Is A LAN? To begin this article lets first start with exactly what is a LAN? A LAN stands for local area network and it is a computer network that interconnects computers in a certain area such as homes, universities, offices, commercial buildings, labs and just about any place with a range of computers in a close vicinity. LANs are vital in computer networking and just about any computer you use is connected to another device in some way. Not only are there small scale network connections but they can vary in size. What about over large areas of land, say large corporations and governments? These are called wide area networks. The beginning of a Local Area Network (LAN) began in the 1970's with the increase in the need for high speed interconnections of computers in universities and laboratories. With the introduction of ethernet by Xerox in 1973-1974 LAN would soon be off to the races. The first introduction of LAN is a major use case came with the install of it in 1977 at the Chase Bank in New York City. Now that you've got a little bit of an intro and background to LAN let's dive into how does a LAN actually work? What Products Are In A LAN? Whether you're in your home or business you're probably going to be apart of some sort of LAN. The simplest way of setting up a Local Area Network (LAN) is to use an ethernet cable. But what about a LAN cable? This is where the customers question comes in to play. A LAN cable refers to the same thing as an ethernet or networking cables. So when shopping for a LAN cable and you come across an ethernet or networking cable you will be fine. So in definition a LAN cable is cable that connects to computers, network switches and then from the switch to a router, modem or dsl which powers your internet from a internet service provider. These devices when connected together with a wireless LAN, ethernet or networking cable form a LAN (Local Area Network). coaxial cable Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with a metal shield and other components engineered to block signal interference. It is primarily used by cable TV companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to customer homes and businesses. It is also sometimes used by telephone companies to connect central offices to telephone poles near customers. Some homes and offices use coaxial cable, too, but its widespread use as an Ethernet connectivity medium in enterprises and data centers has been supplanted by the deployment of twisted pair cabling. Coaxial cable received its name because it includes one physical channel that carries the signal surrounded -- after a layer of insulation -- by another concentric physical channel, both running along the same axis. The outer channel serves as a ground. Many of these cables or pairs of coaxial tubes can be placed in a single outer sheathing and, with repeaters, can carry information for a great distance. Coaxial cable was invented in 1880 by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the invention and design that same year. AT&T established its first cross-continental coaxial transmission system in 1940. Depending on the carrier technology used and other factors, twisted pair copper wire and optical fiber are alternatives to coaxial cableHow coaxial cables work Coaxial cables have concentric layers of electrical conductors and insulating material. This construction ensures signals are enclosed within the cable and prevents electrical noise from interfering with the signal. The center conductor layer is a thin conducting wire, either solid or braided copper. A dielectric layer, made up of an insulating material with very well-defined electrical characteristics, surrounds the wire. A shield layer then surrounds the dielectric layer with metal foil or braided copper mesh. The whole assembly is wrapped in an insulating jacket. The outer metal shield layer of the coaxial cable is typically grounded in the connectors at both ends to shield the signals and as a place for stray interference signals to dissipate. Overview: Short for Category 5E, CAT5E cable is network Ethernet cabling that consists of four twisted pairs of copper wire terminated by RJ45 connectors. While the base standard set by TIA/EIA for CAT5E is 100 MHz, our CAT5E cable supports frequencies up to 350 MHz and for 10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet. Additionally, CAT5E Ethernet cable can be used for voice, video, data, ATM, token ring, and direct networking. CAT5E cable runs should be limited to a maximum length of 328 feet (100 meters) Currently, CAT5E is the standard for data cabling communication with CAT6, CAT6A, and CAT7 being faster. Computers hooked up to a LAN are connected using CAT5E cables, so if you are on a LAN, most likely the cable running out of the back of your PC is Category 5E. CAT5E Ethernet cable has 4 twisted pairs and comes in a variety of options that will enhance your network installation. Solid CAT5E Cable supports long cable runs and is designed for fixed cabling situations like homes, offices, and buildings. We carry a few options (view below), including Fire-safety rated and outdoor/direct burial cat5E. Stranded CAT5E cable is more pliable and better suited for shorter-distances. It features six small diameter wires surrounding a center conductor wire inside each of the twisted pairs. By having multiple small wires instead of a single solid conductor, stranded cable is more flexible, making it preferable for short distance cable runs. Stranded cat5E cable is commonly used for patch cables or crossover cables. What is a power cord used for? A power cord consists of cable with a country-specific plug (molded or hand-wired) on one end and exposed conductor wires, terminated conductors, or blunt/flush cut conductors on the other end. A power cord is used to connect the equipment directly to the power mains. A power supply cord is an essential element of all cord connected electrical equipment; it supplies the connection between the equipment and the electrical mains. The power cord can be hard wired to the equipment or it can be detachable. The hard wired (non-detachable) power cord consists of a plug, the cordage, and a strain relief device to secure the cord to the equipment enclosure. The detachable power cord, also known as a power cord set, consists of a plug, cordage and a connector or receptacle. Though seemingly a simple component, when it comes to regulatory approvals, it can become an exceedingly complicated component. This article shall cover some of the aspects of power cords intended for use in information technology equipment (ITE) and consumer products applications. Other types of power cords, such as those for outdoor use or for hazardous locations, are a topic for another article. Power supply cords typically have two or three wires. These wires are “line,” “neutral” and “ground.” The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard IEC 60446 uses the following color codes: In North America, the line wire is black in color, while it is either brown or grey in the rest of the world; In North America, the neutral wire is white, while it is blue elsewhere; and In North America, the ground wire is typically green, while it is green with yellow stripes in the rest of the world. It is crucial to ensure that the electrical rating of the UK power cord supplied with the product is higher than that of the product being powered. Most product standards require the plug to be rated at least 125 percent of the rated current of the equipment. An under-rated power cord can result in the power cord overheating, and possibly causing an electrical fire. Power cords designed for use with ITE equipment in North America are rated as 125Vac/10A, but other higher ratings are also available. Non-Detachable Power Cords The non-detachable power cord is hard wired to the equipment enclosure, and is generally not meant to be removed from the equipment enclosure. The power cord consists of a plug, the cordage and a strain relief connector to secure the cord to the device. A common means of attaching the stripped end of a non-detachable power cord (see Figure 1) is a lug/ring terminal. One end of the terminal consists of a metallic ring or “loop” that slips over and is attached to a power terminal post or screw. The other end of the lug/ring terminal is generally crimped onto the stripped power cord wire. One lug-ring terminal is attached to one power cord wire. It is important to remember that, when using this form of terminal, the crimp tool must be approved for the terminal for which it is being used. It is good engineering practice to double crimp the lug/ring terminals. Manufacturers of large equipment that use non-detachable power cords will occasionally ship their power supply cords disassembled from the equipment. This is because the power supply cords are typically very large and very long, and the cords may be damaged during shipping. In such instances, U.S. nationally recognized testing laboratories (NRTLs) do allow for this, provided certain conditions are met. These conditions include: Justification as to why the power cord must be disassembled; The assembly of the disassembled equipment must be performed by qualified service personnel; Detailed assembly instructions must be provided that address all aspects of the re- assembly, including connection of the main earthing terminals; Instructions that state that no replacement cord shall be used other than the one shipped with the product; and A suitable means of securing the power cord to the enclosure is provided, such as a strain relief grommet. Flexible cords cannot be used for equipment that requires the cord to be hard wired into the device. Fixed equipment with a flexible cord and plug must be designed to allow for the cord to be detachable for repair and maintenance purposes, per sections 400.7 and 400.8 of the National Electric Code.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

What are leggings?

Описание:  What are leggings? What is the purpose of leggings? Leggings in various forms and under various names have been worn for warmth and protection by both men and women throughout the centuries. What is the difference between tights and leggings? Leggings are much thicker, footless, and can sometimes be worn like pants. Tights are somewhat sheer, cover the foot, and must be worn under another garment. Usually transparent garments without feet are called footless tights, though some manufacturers refer to them as leggings. Why are leggings bad? Dr. Joshua Zeichner explains that tight-fitting clothes like workout leggings can trap sweat and clog pores. People that wear tight exercise clothing, like leggings, are more susceptible to ringworm when they sweat. Tight pants increase the risk of infection on the skin and genitals, particularly fungal infections. Is it OK to wear leggings to work? So, can you wear leggings to work? Yes! As long as you keep it modest and use the tips above, you can incorporate your favorite leggings into your work attire. By focusing on a professional look in the rest of your clothing, you can still wear your leggings while maintaining a business-appropriate appearance. Is it OK to wear leggings under a dress? No matter what, wearing leggings under a dress is a casual look and should not be applied to a non-casual event. Although it is a casual look, its still best to save the livelier patterns for the dress or skirt and keep the leggings simple. Is it okay to wear leggings everyday? Working out in leggings every day also increases your risk for another fungal infection: jock itch. The Healthy suggests changing out of your leggings and showering after working out or after being outside in the heat. However, if youre feeling fine down there and you wear leggings most every day, then keep doing you. Is it OK to wear leggings under a skirt? Can I Wear Leggings With a Skirt? From long skirts to miniskirts, yes, pair your leggings. Theyre ideal to cover your legs if you are in a modest mood. Or if its a cooler day opting for leggings instead of tights is a much more fun choice. Do I have to wear leggings to yoga? Some yoga classes, Bikram and Hot Yoga take place in a heated room with the intention of making you sweat. Youll need to wear fast-wicking fabrics that dont leave sweat marks and close-fitting shorts or cropped leggings. Really short shorts is a big no when it comes to yoga. What are the tight pants called? Other names for this style include drainpipes, stovepipes, tight pants, cigarette pants, skinny jeans, pencil pants, skinny pants, gas pipes, and skinnies. What Are the Style of Plaid Pants? Men’s fashion plaid pants are popular with males, regardless of the person’s age. Young fashionistas and stylish adult lovers of beautiful clothes prefer different styles of pants with such a pattern. However, the plaid pants aesthetic is pretty tricky. A mistake in the composition of the bows or the combination of colors can add a couple of pounds or even a few years to the figure. If you don’t fully understand how to style plaid pants, you can create excellent modern images, emphasizing individuality and style. With what to wear men trousers in a cage and the most interesting models, we will consider in more detail. Classic Suitable for a business meeting or office. They are usually subtle, practical colors. Often this is a mix of blue with a black, white, and gray checkered pants outfit for men. Brown tones are somewhat less common. These trousers can be worn with formal shirts, blazers, and jackets. Narrowed A plaid skinny pants outfit is one of the styles most beloved by men. At the same time, the models are very diverse: tight-fitting skinny pants, breeches, or brutal army pants. Slender young people can safely wear tight-fitting models in a small cage. If a man is thin and wants to add volume, let’s say a larger print. The advantage of the cage is that, when selected correctly, it hides imperfections and improves proportions. But if you have a little excess weight, you should avoid large prints and bright colors. A narrow lapel on the trousers is considered a fashionable accent. This is appropriate not only for classic models but also for cropped trousers that are slightly tapered to the bottom. For the past decade, schools, parents and students have clashed over the issue of regulating student attire. In 2007, cases involving an anti-Bush T-shirt in Vermont, an anti-gay T-shirt in San Diego, and Tigger socks in Napa, California, made their way through the courts, causing many to wonder whether this debate will ever be resolved. Meanwhile, researchers are divided over how much of an impact — if any — dress policies have upon student learning. A 2004 book makes the case that uniforms do not improve school safety or academic discipline. A 2005 study, on the other hand, indicates that in some Ohio high schools uniforms may have improved graduation and attendance rates, although no improvements were observed in academic performance. Why do some public schools have uniforms? In the 1980s, public schools were often compared unfavorably to Catholic schools. Noting the perceived benefit that uniforms conferred upon Catholic schools, some public schools decided to adopt a school uniform policy. President Clinton provided momentum to the school uniform movement when he said in his 1996 State of the Union speech, “If it means teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms.” A uniform also carries importance off school premises. How often have you been told that while you're in the school colours you're an ambassador for the entire organisation, even if it's 8pm and you're still helping your mum with the Tesco food shop? Probably quite a lot. School uniforms are a signifier of who you are and to which educational establishment you belong. Three arguments in favor of school uniforms: Uniforms create a sense of equality among students When school uniforms are required, all students are expected to dress the same, regardless of their style preferences or socioeconomic status. Uniforms can prevent envy and dissatisfaction among students, as there is no ogling of designer dresses or mocking of thrift store rags. Instead of using children as walking billboards for various brands, creating an atmosphere of “haves” and “have-nots,” uniforms ensure that everyone is dressed the same, creating an environment of equality. Plus, with uniforms, students save time and energy during the morning rush, giving them greater space to focus on their studies instead of on fashion. Uniforms promote order within the school hierarchy Learning is more likely to happen when there is a sense of decorum and respect for authority in school. When summer school uniform or winter school uniform are mandatory, classrooms may become more disciplined and orderly, as uniforms remind students where they are and how they are supposed to behave. By exhibiting the school’s expectation that high standards be met, by instituting uniforms, the hierarchy of student – teacher – administrator is more deeply internalized. Attendance tends to rise, students may behave better, and teachers are therefore more able to do their jobs – teach. Uniforms promote students’ safety When uniformed students are off campus, they can be easily identified as belonging to a particular school. One related benefit is that teachers and strangers can readily spot them in a crowd, ensuring that no student goes missing while on field trips. Strangers also know that the uniformed students are minors and should therefore not be flirted with, served alcohol, or engaged in any adult behavior. What’s more, when students are required to wear uniforms, it becomes much easier to identify campus intruders, who stick out like sore thumbs, thereby increasing safety for students as they study. Three arguments against school uniforms School uniforms are an added expense When school uniforms are mandatory, parents incur the added expense of clothing that their children will have no use for outside of school. They still need to buy regular clothes for their children to wear after hours, on the weekends and for casual dress days. For parents who would have sent their children to school in hand-me-downs or hand-crafted garments, as well as for parents banking on free public education, forking out funds for school uniforms can be unaffordable and disconcerting. Uniforms can be impractical and uncomfortable Uniforms may not be conducive for spending long hours sitting at a classroom desk and playing outdoors during recess. They are often designed to be worn by all body types, flattering none. They can be restrictive and made of cheap canvas or polycottons in unbecoming shades that may make students sweat in the summer and chill in the winter. This may be particularly true for girls, who often have to wear rigid skirts, while their male counterparts get to wear pants.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

What is a thermocouple sensor?

Описание:  What is a thermocouple sensor? Thermocouple sensor is perhaps the most simple and robust electronic temperature sensing devices imaginable. They consist only of two wires made out of dissimilar metals, attached together in a junction, which is placed where the measurement is to be obtained. Thanks to the Seebeck effect—named after German physicist Thomas Seebeck—if there is a temperature differential between the junction of these two wires, and their other measured ends are some distance away, there will be a voltage differential between them. This voltage differential can be correlated to the actual temperature at the junction, thanks to the Seebeck coefficient, which relates the voltage potential to the temperature. This is often expressed as microvolts per degrees Kelvin (μV/°K), which is equivalent to microvolts per degrees Celsius. If needed, that can be converted to Fahrenheit by dividing by 1.8. While this seems simple enough, several factors are at play here that make the correlation slightly less than straightforward. Temperature measurement using a thermocouple While thermocouples can be made from a wide variety of metal combinations, the Seebeck constant varies depending on the construction. This number also changes over the thermocouple usable temperature range, so even if you’re using a standard metal combination, you’ll either need a chart or a mathematical model to correlate the temperature value. You also need to know the temperature at the measurement point, since the voltage is due to the temperature difference, not the absolute temperature itself. The good news is that standard thermocouple metallurgical combinations are well documented, so if you know the type of thermocouple and are able to measure the temperature at your meter, this can all be worked out. The even better news is that more than likely you don’t even have to do any of that. Electrical meters with thermocouple temperature sensing capabilities are able to automatically correlate this information when the proper probe is used, and can even measure the internal temperature to give an output in actual degrees—not just a temperature difference. Type K thermocouples and more varieties Standard thermocouple metal combinations are designated with a letter, such as “type M” or “type T,” and the most common general-purpose thermocouple is known as a “type K.” Type K thermocouples are made from alloys known as chromel and alumel, with a Seebeck coefficient generally pegged at 41μV/°C. This number, of course, varies over its useful measurement range of -200°C to +1350°C. The type K’s measurement range isn’t unusual, and highlights this class of sensor’s versatility, temperature-wise. Since such a device is simply two wires coupled together, they can be made inexpensively and tend to be quite durable. How does an RTD sensor work and what RTD types are there? RTD stands for Resistance Temperature Detector, which refers to a type of temperature sensor. As the name suggests, it uses changes in resistance to detect temperature, but that in itself might not tell you how an RTD works. To know more about tenperature sensor types, you can read our article on temperature sensors How does an RTD work? When the temperature increases, the RTD’s resistance increases, and vice versa. The control system or transmitter constantly sends a current through the RTD sensor. When the temperature changes, the resistance on the current can increase or decrease. Here, the RTD detects this shift and thereby reports it. Vendors build RTD sensors out of a variety of materials. Platinum, copper, and nickel show up the most often, with platinum as the fan favourite because it offers the best stability in a wide range of temps. Also, we can choose RTDs with two, three, or four wires, but what does that mean? These wires create the compensation you need for the cable. Of course, the two-wire option doesn’t, so we should choose it when you need only an approximate value. The three-wire option is most common in many applications. RTD sensor types Many factors influence the properties of an RTD sensor. Various materials, such as platinum, copper, or nickel, can affect the range and linearity. Element types can have effects too, like thin-film elements or wire-wound elements. We can also have sensors with two, three, or four wires. The most common version is three, but each option has its pros and cons. How Does an RTD Work? "RTD" is an abbreviation for "Resistance Temperature Detector" An RTD is a type of temperature sensor which can be utilised in the manufacture of Variohms' temperature probe range. They are available with different temperature / resistance values depending on the application requirement. How Does an RTD Work? An RTD probe consists of a resistance element and insulated copper wires. The most common number of wires is 2; however some RTDs have 3 or 4 wires. The resistive element is the temperature sensing element of the RTD. It is usually platinum because as a material it is highly stable over time, it has a wide temperature range, it offers an almost linear relationship between temperature and resistance and it has a chemical inertness. Nickle or copper are also other popular choices of material for the resistive element. An RTD works by using a basic principle; as the temperature of a metal increases, so does the resistance to the flow of electricity. An electrical current is passed through the sensor, the resistance element is used to measure the resistance of the current being passed through it. As the temperature of the resistance element increases the electrical resistance also increases. The electrical resistance is measured in Ohms. The resistance value can then be converted into temperature based on the characteristics of the element. Typical response time for an RTD is between 0.5 and 5 seconds making them suitable to applications where an immediate response is not required. Thermometers Information Industrial thermometers are used for temperature measurement in many industrial applications. They are generally more durable than laboratory thermometers. The way an industrial thermometer works depends upon the type of temperature sensor it uses. Sensor options include bimetal, liquid or gas-filled, electronic, or infrared (IR). Liquid or gas-filled thermometers use a gas or liquid as the temperature-sensing element. The liquid expands as the temperature rises in the tube and indicates the temperature. The basic design for this type of thermometer is a small-bore glass tube with a thin-walled glass bulb at the lower end. Typically, the liquid that fills is mercury or alcohol. As heat is transferred into the substance, it expands and pushes the column of liquid or gas higher up the capillary, which indicates the temperature. What is a bimetal thermometer and how does a bimetal thermometer measure? Bimetal thermometers are thermometers based on the functional principle that metals expand differently depending on the change in temperature. A bimetal thermometer always consists of two different metal strips that have a different thermal expansion coefficient. The two strips are joined together inseparably and thus form the bimetal strip. When the temperature changes, the different metals expand to different degrees, which leads to a mechanical deformation of the bimetal strip. This mechanical deformation can be detected in a rotary movement. The measuring system works in the form of a helical or spiral tube. This movement is transmitted to the pointer of the thermometer via the pointer shaft, which thus enables the temperature to be measured.? In which applications are bimetal thermometers used?? Bimetal thermometers are used in many different industrial applications, e.g. in machine building, in heating technology and in air conditioning and refrigeration technology. The wide variety of models of WIKA bimetallic thermometers offer a large selection of thermometers in a wide range of applications. The model 52 bimetallic thermometer, with its case and stem made of stainless steel, represents the entry-level model among the process thermometers, but is also used for demanding applications in machine building. The model A48 bimetal thermometer has been specifically developed for use in air-conditioning and refrigeration technology to measure the temperature in air ducts, whereas the model A43 bimetal thermometer was developed as a standard version for simple temperature indication in heating technology. As you can see, WIKA offers a suitable thermometer for every application. Our specialists will be happy to advise you on your selection. What are the advantages and disadvantages of bimetal thermometers?? Compared to gas-actuated thermometers, bimetal thermometers are much cheaper in terms of price. This price advantage is due to their simpler construction. The scale ranges of bimetal thermometers are between -70 and +600 °C with accuracy classes 1 and 2 in accordance with EN 13190. For applications in which high vibrations occur, thermometers with liquid filling are used. For the filling, silicone oil is used, which damps the vibration and limits the maximum temperature to +250°C. When the temperature changes, all types of dial thermometers react in accordance with the same principle; the expansion principle. The difference, however, is that with the bimetal thermometer the rotary movement of the bimetal can only be shown directly on the display. With the gas-actuated thermometer, on the other hand, the measured value can easily be transmitted via capillary due to its inert gas filling. Remote capillaries can even be used here to install gas-actuated thermometers up to 60 metres away from the measuring location. Expansion thermometers can also be installed via remote capillaries, but, instead of an inert gas, a filling medium is used for the measuring system, e.g. xylene or silicone oil.? The final decision on which dial thermometer to use depends on a number of different factors. Our specialists will be happy to advise you in the selection of the right thermometer.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

Why you need an ergonomic office chair

Описание: Why you need an ergonomic office chair You may be familiar with the term ergonomic. I’m sure you’ve heard of it in relation to office furniture. I bet you’ve had an ergonomic keyboard, mouse or even piece of furniture. If you’ve never had an ergonomic office chair, you may wonder why you would need one. You may be questioning whether an ergonomic office chair can truly make a difference to your working day. Well this article will show you that it can. An ergonomic office chair is one of the best ways to conquer posture and back pain, to enhance your productivity and to take autonomy over your work environment to improve your overall wellbeing. Sound good? We’re only just getting started. Maybe you’re coworkers have started to orient to ergonomic office chairs, maybe you’ve seen ergonomic office chairs littered about the office. Maybe you’ve even seen advertisements or even read articles on ergonomic chairs. Maybe you weren’t initially convinced of the appeal, sceptical of the new trend for ergonomics. Well until you’ve tried one, it can be hard to see what all the fuss is about. Many of us have spent many years sitting in a regular office chair — office chairs with simple padding, which swivel around to help you move around your space. Maybe you thought they were okay. Many of us have grown used to poor posture, back pain and general discomfort which has accumulated over the years, we accept it a as fact of working life. These pains are not just an occupational hazard, they’re a result of poor design, a neglect for accommodating for the needs of the body when sitting for long periods of time. We can do better. In fact, we have done better. We’ve designed a fully adjustable ergonomic office chair: the Ergo Chair 2 eronomic office chair. Fully adjustable means being able to adjust the ergonomic office chair at every axis. You can adjust the angle and position of the chair back. You can adjust the position of the chair seat, the height of your chair. You can even adjust the height of your arm rests, head rests and your tailored lumbar support. What this means, is that the chair is not just designed to support the body, it’s designed to be tailored by you to the specific needs of your body. Not everybody is the same height, has the same length of legs, torso, neck or the same position of the curve of their back. That’s why, having a truly ergonomic office chair means having a fully adjustable ergonomic office chair. In this regard we really thought of everything. Of course, adjusting your ergonomic office chair isn’t just about adjusting it for to your body in one specific seated position. A fully adjustable ergonomic office chair can adjust with your body as your mood and workstyle changes throughout the day. Nobody benefits or even naturally wants to sit in one specific position for eight hours a day in consecutive days. Our mind and our body fluctuates in what it needs according to our state of mind, mood, emotions and level of engagement and concentration. Now your ergonomic office chair can support you to the specificities of each mind, mood and emotion. When we arrive at work, fresh from a long night’s sleep and a relaxing evening before that, we are full of energy, concentration and focus. At this point in the day, we tend to prefer sitting up right, maybe even on the edge of our seats (as the saying goes). As such, in the morning, when you get to work, you can bring the seat of your ergonomic office chair closer to the chair back whilst keeping some weight distributed through your legs and arrange the headrest to support your head. It’s important to remember that even at the most energetic moments in the day, when our backs are straight and postures in tact, we can still benefit from support. Without it, within a matter of hours we can fall into a slump and find ourselves reeling with aches and pains all afternoon. With our fully adjustable ergonomic office chair you can support every area of your body to distribute your bodies weight in a healthy manner for longer lasting posture and productivity. How To Clean Leather Office Chairs Leather office chairs are one of the more stylish types of office chair available; they can add a touch of elegance and luxury to a room with ease, and because of this you will probably want to keep them looking their best. It is quite easy to care for and clean leather chairs, but you can’t treat them the same way you would other fabrics. You’ll need to use the proper cleaning supplies when dealing with stains on a leather chair, as we will outline in this article. Determine the type of leather. Before you try and clean a leather office chair, find out what the type of leather is. Manufacturer’s tags found on leather furniture like office chairs generally provide cleaning tips and warnings, too. Look to see if there are any tags attached to your furniture. If you can’t find any, look over the written manual that came with the chair when you bought it. If you know the specific type of office chair you own, you may be able to find these instructions online. The tag or instructions will provide tips on cleaning your furniture. and will also let you know what products could be harmful to the leather. If can’t figure out the type of leather, keep in mind that most leather furniture is made from top-coat protected leather. It is generally safe to clean this leather using mild body soap and water. Vacuum the chair. Before you begin properly cleaning your furniture, make sure to give it a good vacuuming. Doing this regularly is a good way to prevent wear and tear on leather office chairs. Make a cleaner using water and soap. Once you’ve dusted and vacuumed the chair, prepare your cleaner. You’ll only need basic household supplies like water and soap to clean the leather effectively. Wipe down the chair. Test a small area of the chair first. If you don’t notice any damage, dip a clean rag in the liquid and wring it out thoroughly. From there, wipe the chair down with the wet rag. Simply repeat this process to easy clean up your chair and make it fresh for another day. Ever since the Aeron chair burst onto the scene many years ago, mesh office chairs have been extremely popular. Mesh chairs are very unique; from their original styling, to the way the user feels when they sit. Because of their popularity, almost all office chair manufacturers now have their own version of a mesh chair. This means that the market is now flooded with mesh chairs ranging from cheap import chairs to very high end ergonomic chairs that are made to order in the USA. The mesh office chair topic is very polarizing as can be expected with any popular item. People seem to either love mesh chairs or hate them. In this article, we will share with you the downsides to mesh office chairs and the reasons why they are not a fit for every customer. Before getting started it is important to understand that there are three distinct types of mesh office chairs. The first type is a mesh seat and back with no padding. Mesh is simply stretched across a chair frame on the seat and back. The second type is a mesh back with a padded mesh seat. This chair will have a seat that feels like a typical padded office chair but the backrest will have mesh stretched across the frame. The third type is a padded mesh seat with a padded mesh back. These models use the mesh upholstery for looks, which creates a feel very similar to traditional office chairs. Gaming Chairs vs Office Chairs Compared Many chairs for gamers look like they belong on a racetrack. But the flashy aesthetics are secondary. The true value is the ergonomic support these models provide. If you suffer from back pain in a standard office chair, a gaming chair is one of several upgrades can help. Here we compare racing-style gaming chairs vs office chairs. Learn which type is a better fit for your needs. Head-to-head, a gaming chair is more visually striking than a standard office chair. It stands out with a bucket seat, tall backrest, thick padding, and support pillows. Meanwhile, a generic office chair typically comes with a padded fabric seat and mid-back support. Beyond first impressions are important functional differences. A racing-style gaming chair has more adjustable parts than an office chair. Its seat, armrests, support pillows, and backrest can all adjust to meet the needs of the user. In contrast, a regular office chair lacks adjustable parts. As a result, the user needs to adjust to the chair. The original racing-style gaming chair made its debut in 2006. First designed for video game players, this style of chair is now a popular option for all types of desk work. Most office chairs with limited features cost between $60 to $180. These save you money but come with a health cost. Scientists have been pointing this out for decades. For instance, back in 1984, researchers showed how adjustable furniture could reduce on-the-job discomfort. In 2009, this study showed how poor ergonomic conditions led to neck, shoulder, elbow, and back musculoskeletal disorders. Limited Strength Although we said that the PU Leather chairs are durable, that doesn’t mean they are particularly strong. They have durability when it comes to everyday use. So, if you are treating it like you should be and using it as a normal chair, it should hold up. However, PU Leather doesn’t really hold up against major accidents or other things that might threaten its integrity. If you have pets, their nails could do some major damage to the chairs with minimal effort. Now that we’ve looked at the benefits and drawbacks of PU Leather let’s explore fabric gaming chairs. Pros of Fabric Gaming Chairs Affordability Like PU Leather, the fabric is generally very affordable. That’s because the materials that are generally used to make it don’t often cost much to the manufacturer. Oftentimes, the fabric is used to help the company keep prices down because it is so much cheaper than other materials. If you’re light on cash, you can find some great fabric chairs for very reasonable prices. Breathability When compared to PU Leather, the fabric is unbelievably more breathable. This is because it is woven, allowing for small openings throughout the material. Air will go in and out, and sitting in a fabric seat will feel far cooler than sitting in one made of PU Leather – especially if you are in a hot region. In addition to this, you won’t stick to the chair if you happen to start sweating. Instead, you’ll be able to get right out of it as though you were never sweating at all.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FREIGHT SHIPPING SERVICES AND THE TECHNOLOGY THEY USE

Описание: FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FREIGHT SHIPPING SERVICES AND THE TECHNOLOGY THEY USE Freight shipping services and transport can be defined as the process of moving commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to the carriage by sea but is extended in American English to refer to transport by land or air as well. Freight shipping services are essential to the proper functioning of any business – but more so to the smooth operation of smaller firms. When you are choosing what way is best to move your freight, there are some different transportation options to consider. This article takes a look at several of the most common types of freight transportation, and what the benefits of each type of service are. THE TYPES OF FREIGHT SHIPPING SERVICES ROAD (GROUND) The road is a standard transport method for small or medium-sized goods that are to be carried within one country. Freight is usually transported in large trucks, and they are driven by a professional driver to its location. It is a convenient and quick way to transport freight. Road transportation shipping is not suitable for bulk or odd-shaped sized goods, or for extremely long-distance transportation. RAIL Rail is a convenient way to transport larger goods. Reputable rail freight companies will be able to arrange for goods to be transported by a combination of rail and road if required. SHIP (OCEAN) Sea freight transportation is an economical option for businesses that want to transport their goods overseas. Sea freight can accommodate all shapes, sizes, and weights of freight. The only downside is that this freight shipping service will take a longer period to transport. AIR If you need to transport your freight quickly, then the best way to transport it is by air. Air shipping service will be able to transport your freight to almost any large city in the world. For most cities there are daily cargo flights, so you can transport your goods immediately if it is urgent. As with rail freight, a good freight service company will be able to arrange additional delivery of your freight to and from the airport. THE TECHNOLOGY Over the years freight forwarding and shipping services have learned to adopt new technologies. Technology that has been specially made for the freight industry is becoming readily available. The implementation of this technology allows freight firms to meet the increasing demands, this not only improves services and reputation, but it also allows firms to stand out from competitors and achieve success. Below are some of the technologies uses by a freight company. THE PUSH OF A BUTTON Many of the processes done in the freight industry can be improved with a push of a button. This technology allows firms to organize and plan shipments with ease, enabling them to control the movement of goods through clear up to date tracking. The client now has the option to learn of their shipments location, condition and expected delivery time. AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY This improvement allowed operations to run much smoother when transporting goods from one location to another. The adoption of automatic technologies such as handheld scanners allows for efficient daily processes. With the implementation of electronic identification technology andonboardd computer systems when transporting goods, reports and logs can be easily printed off at the end of each day. So, if your business is on the lookout for freight forwarding and shipping services or international freight providers, then doing your research, getting quotes and vetting all of the freight companies on your shortlist before making your final selection will be worth both your time and effort. What does FOB mean in shipping? FOB in FOB shipping service stands for “free on board” or “freight on board” and is a designation that is used to indicate when liability and ownership of goods is transferred from a seller to a buyer. Free on Board: Free on board indicates whether the seller or the buyer is liable for goods that are damaged or destroyed during shipping. When used with an identified physical location, the designation determines which party has responsibility for the payment of the freight charges and at what point title for the shipment passes from the seller to the buyer. In international shipping, for example, “FOB ” means that the seller (consignor) is responsible for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment and the cost of loading. The buyer (consignee) pays the costs of ocean freight, insurance, unloading, and transportation from the arrival port to the final destination. The seller passes the risk to the buyer when the goods are loaded at the originating port. Freight on Board: Freight on board is another term that is often used in place of free on board. However, it’s worth noting, this is not an official term. How is “FOB” used in shipping documents? The term “FOB” is used in four different ways when it comes to freight shipping. These include: FOB , Freight Collect FOB , Freight Prepaid FOB , Freight Collect FOB , Freight Prepaid To understand each designation, we must first understand the difference between place of origin and place of destination and freight collect vs. freight prepaid. The first part of the designation determines where the buyer assumes title of the goods and the risk of damage from the seller (either at the moment the carrier picks the goods up for delivery or at the time of actual delivery). The second part indicates responsibility for freight charges. “Prepaid” means the seller has paid the freight; “collect” indicates the buyer is responsible for payment. Place of Origin vs. Place of Destination: Place of origin means the buyer assumes ownership of the shipment the moment the carrier picks up and signs the bill of lading while place of destination means the seller retains ownership and control of the goods until they are delivered. By denoting who “owns” the shipment, there is no ambiguity in responsibility of shipment. Freight Collect vs. Freight Prepaid: Freight collect means the person receiving the shipment is responsible for all freight charges. They also assume all risks and are responsible for filing claims in the case of loss or damage. Freight prepaid is the opposite. The shipper accepts responsibility for all freight charges and risks. Why does FOB matter? FOB is important for a number of reasons, but most importantly, shippers and carriers need to understand FOB designations in damage situations. Some receiving docks will refuse delivery of obviously damaged goods, rather than accept with a damage notation for future claim against the carrier. However, a shipment designated FOB Origin technically belongs to the buyer/consignee at the time that it is shipped. So, the consignee would be refusing delivery of goods it legally owns and bears the risk for. The seller has no legal reason to accept those goods back and the return shipment could possibly result in additional damages. What is Sea Freight? Sea freight service is a method of transporting large amounts of goods using carrier ships. Goods are packed into containers and then loaded onto a vessel. A typical cargo ship can carry around 18,000 containers, which means that sea freight is a cost-efficient way to transport high quantities over large distances. There are a number of ways in which sea freight can be transported. How does it work? Sea freight is just one cog within the machine that forms a supply chain network. Some companies opt to use a specific 3PL to have their goods shipped safely and legally. As mentioned in our Top 5 benefits of 3PL, one of the major benefits of these providers is that they already know all of the requirements and you will not have to engage with a shipping company for each item. Once you have engaged with a shipping company, they will collect the goods from your supplier and move them through the port in one of the previously mentioned forms. It is worth noting that delivery times should include a delay moving through the port each side as they have to pass through customs. Even with LCL as an option, you may still not have enough products, in which case it may be more cost-effective for you to send your products via Air Freight or Courier instead. These are both utilised for sending smaller quantities of products, they are more expensive as the vehicles themselves are smaller.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

Surprising and Unexpected Ways to Use Baby Wipes

Описание: Surprising and Unexpected Ways to Use Baby Wipes Here’s something you might not know… Baby wipes aren’t just for babies! Can adults use baby wipes? Absolutely! You can use baby wipes to clean kitchen counters or to wipe down the inside of your car. You may be surprised at how versatile these disposable wet wipes are. You may even continue buying them after your baby outgrows diapers because they’re so convenient to have on hand. We seriously love them! Here’s a list of 40 ways you can use baby wipes that have nothing to do with soiled diapers. Baby Wipe Uses for Personal Care Baby wipes should be part of your personal care supply. Here are a bunch of reasons they’re a cost-effective and versatile product to always have on hand. Remove makeup: Less expensive than a makeup remover wipe, but just as effective in removing foundation from your face. Improve a manicure and pedicure: Use baby wipes to clean up excess nail polish or wipe away any mistakes. Clean up hair dye stains: A quick swipe of a baby wipe will clean off any hair dye that gets on your hairline and neck during your DIY dye job at home. Control flyaway hairs: If your hair is being uncooperative, a baby wipe will do the trick, especially if you don’t have any hairspray at home. Wipe away oil and shine: If you have an oily face, a baby wipe can help control shine with a gentle blot on your problem areas. Remove tanning lotion stains: Did you overdo the tanning lotion a bit? Or apply it unevenly? No worries - run a baby wipe over the areas that are too dark and you’ll be good to go! Cool down: During the hot summer months, we recommend keeping a packet of baby wipes in your refrigerator. Nothing feels better than a cool refreshing baby wipe on your face when you come in from sweltering heat and humidity. Baby Wipe Uses for the Kitchen and Bathroom The nursery isn’t the only place to stash baby wipes. Having them in the kitchen and bathroom will make clean-up a lot easier! Clean surfaces: Wipe off counters and other surfaces in the kitchen and bathroom in between deep cleans so your home always looks spotless. Mop your floor: Attach it to a mop handle and shine up your floors. They’re gentle enough to use on almost all flooring types in your kitchen and bathroom. Clean appliances: Baby wipes are perfect for wiping down your refrigerator (inside and outside, including the door handles), microwave, oven, stove, and dishwasher. They’re also great for wiping down small kitchen appliances like your Instant Pot, air fryer, slow cooker, food processor, toaster oven, and coffee machine. De-grease pots and pans: The texture of the baby wipe can help loosen or remove stubborn grease before you hand wash pans or put them into the dishwasher. Wipe down your trash can: Even if you always use a trash can liner, food bits and stains can still leak or splatter on the inside of the bin. Give it a wipe down every so often so it doesn’t start to smell. Baby Wipe Uses for Cleaning It’s not just the kitchen and bathroom that can benefit from baby wipes. Here’s a list of ways you can use baby wipes for general cleaning all over your house. Dust furniture: Baby wipes are a great way to capture dust on coffee tables, side tables, book shelves, etc. The dust sticks to the wet wipe so won’t get everywhere. Wipe down light switches and door handles: Any high-touch points should be frequently cleaned throughout your house. Freshen up houseplants: Brighten up your home garden with baby wipes! They are gentle and non-toxic so are perfect for dusty leaves. Clean cobwebs: Attach a baby wipe to the end of a mop or broom (or insert it into the holes of a Swiffer) and use it to clear cobwebs. Remove stains: Rub a baby wipe on a stain to help remove it (or at least keep it from setting). This works on clothing (goodbye deodorant and makeup stains!), sheets, carpet, and sofas. Clean walls: Do you have a little Picasso drawing masterpieces on your walls? Baby wipes can get rid of most crayon and paint stains without ruining the paint job. Wipe down plastic toys: This is especially helpful if you have young kids who like to put toys in their mouth. Polish leather: A gentle wipe can help improve the look of leather couches, shoes, and jackets! Clean your screens: Everything from your smartphone and tablet to your laptop and television will benefit from a gentle wipedown with baby wipes if you don’t have lens or screen wipes available. Wipe down remote controls: Most people know to wipe down their phones daily, but very few people regularly wipe down their television remote control. That thing is nasty, especially if you like to snack and channel surf at the same time. Wipe down muddy shoes and boots: Use baby wipes to wipe off dirt and grime so dirty shoes and boots don’t track mud into your home. Clean your pets: Wipe the dirt and mud off your dog’s paws or clean up shedded fur with baby wipes. How to Choose and Use Facial Wipes Face wipes provide you with a quick and easy alternative to your regular facial cleansing routine. They allow you to remove makeup and oil from your skin without using water or cleansers. Although facial wipes can be a time saver and are extremely convenient, they should not replace your daily cleansing routine. Facial wipes are filled with a number of chemicals that can actually damage your skin. If you need to use facial wipes, choose ones that are alcohol-free and gentle on the skin, rinse and moisturize your face after use, and use them sparingly. Look for cleansing wipes if you have naturally oily skin, or moisturizing wipes if your skin is especially dry. Fragrances smell nice, but the chemicals companies use to make facial wipes aromatic are often really bad for your skin; you’re always better off with unscented wipes. You can spot-clean your skin or brush your face gently in a circular motion, but you want to be careful around your eyes since facial wipes may irritate them. Rinse your face when you’re done to remove any excess chemicals and moisturize your skin if necessary. Check the ingredients in face wipes. Facial wipes can be filled with chemicals and preservatives that can be harmful to your skin. When shopping for facial wipes, read through the ingredients and select wipes that do not contain formaldehyde-releasing chemicals. These chemicals, such as 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-Diol, are used to increase the shelf life of the face wipes. Although these chemicals reduce the chance of bacteria build-up, they can be damaging to the skin. Formaldehyde-releasing chemicals are a form of carcinogen, or cancer-causing agent. You can buy a dictionary that's dedicated to cosmetic ingredients. This is a great way to research different products There is no end in sight for innovation in the personal care wipes market. Each year, a new wave of wipes hits store shelves, offering busy consumers a convenient way to clean and nurture the face and body. Need to exfoliate your feet? How about a dose of hemp seed oil to calm your skin? There’s a wipe for that. “We believe that the personal care wipes market will continue to grow at rates experienced in recent years,” says Doug Arnold, senior vice president of contract manufacturer Kleen Test Products. “The combination of great formulas and specialized nonwoven substrates provides consumers with a level of convenience and performance that is unmatched by other formats. As Generations Y and Z were growing up, wipes were present in many of their homes and they became consumers. As the marketplace demographics continue to evolve, we expect to see the household penetration rate for personal care wipes continue to rise.” Globally, the personal wipes market delivered $10.1 billion in retail sales in 2018 (U.S. fixed exchange rate), according to market tracker Euromonitor International. Because of their wider use—and the fact that they’re cheaper—baby wipes continue to dominate the category and represented a 57% value share in 2018. Through 2023, all categories are expected to see growth with general purpose wipes and moist toilet wipes expected to experience the highest growth. While the majority of sales of wipes are still coming from developed markets, where categories are more established, some of the growth is coming from the developing markets, according to Svetlana Uduslivaia, head of Home & Tech Americas at Euromonitor. “There is still room for more product penetration as modern hygiene trends and products are making their way into the households.” Innovation also helps to support consumer interest and demand, she adds. “In smaller categories, such as intimate wipes, we continue to see efforts to position wipes as part of daily feminine hygiene alongside other fem care products. However, in the developing regions and even in developed, most wipes are seen as more of a discretionary category, with the exception of perhaps baby wipes that are well ingrained into the developed regions routine for a multitude of purposes.” Pet Wipes Pet wipes are an easy way to help keep your pet clean between baths. Whether your pet needs spot cleaning or an overall freshening, the right pet wipes can help. Every smart pet owner should keep a stash of pet wipes on hand to keep their furred friends looking and smelling their best. Pet wipes can help you take care of your best furry friends, but it’s important to use the right ones. Many of us are aware of ingredients that can damage our own skin, and your pet’s skin is just as delicate. Cats and dogs are extremely sensitive to perfumes and irritating ingredients. We often use these wipes on delicate areas like their ears, nose, and butt, and gentleness is key. In our review, we tested products that contain only natural, soothing ingredients that would treat your pets with the tenderness they deserve. We tested these with our own cat and dog volunteers to make sure the wipes were easy to use, reasonably durable, and tolerable to our animals. Overall, it was a tough choice between Petkin and Earth Rated. Both are excellent, and Earth Rated wipes are also compostable, which makes them a green solution. However, their scented version can be irritating, and our tester pets hated the smell. The unscented version was excellent, however. Petkin’s wipes made it to the top spot because they are mild, have a safe scent, and are usable for both cats and dogs. Pogi’s were an excellent choice for people who want an eco-friendly pet wipe with a mild formula. We liked PrimePets because they are gentle and affordably priced. Our testers also gave high marks to Nature’s  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

How much does an office chair really cost you?

Описание: How much does an office chair really cost you? Most people think all office chairs are similar and have the same qualities - you just need your employees to sit down and work, right? Wrong! This is definitely not the case. Find out what the real cost of an office chair is in this article. Office chairs aren’t all the same - there’s hundreds of ways, both big and small, they can differ; from the the design, to the material, ergonomics and even how customisable they are. The higher the quality of the chair, the higher the price point, but do you know how much your office chairs are really costing your business - and if they are ergonomic and promoting staff wellness? Firstly, it’s important to know what ergonomics mean and why it increases productivity levels. In one of our recent articles, we stated: “Ergonomics aims to create safe, comfortable and productive workspaces by bringing human abilities and limitations into the design of a workspace, including the individual’s body size, strength, skill, speed, sensory abilities (vision, hearing), and even attitudes.’ This translates into creating a workspace that suits your unique body type and measurements. Studies show that a poorly designed workspace drastically increases your risk of developing musculoskeletal complications that affect your quality of life. Your workspace should therefore be comfortable to avoid developing aches and pains that hinder your productivity.” Given the above, it makes much more sense to buy an ergonomic chair than a traditional chair that normally leads to back pain, absenteeism, decreased productivity and premature death. Absenteeism explained According to Initial Hygiene South Africa, a leading hygiene services brand, “absenteeism costs the South African economy around R12 -R16 billion per year. This equates to around 15% of employees being absent on any given day. When one looks at it this way, one can understand why absenteeism is possibly the single most expensive problem affecting business both locally and internationally. Some researchers estimate that South African businesses are losing as much as 17% of their payroll every year due to absenteeism.” Most of your employees are chair-bound for seven to eight hours per day. That’s a lot of hours sitting in a chair! This leads to increased aches and pains and ultimately… absenteeism - every employer’s worst nightmare. The case of back pain When comparing traditional seating options to ergonomic chairs, the former almost always fails to give you a maximum amount of comfort. The worst part is that you can’t adjust the lumbar support, which will definitely lead to increased back pain. Rosi Incorporated, an office system provider in the United States says, “annual losses of over $81 billion dollars are being reported just due to pain. That’s a staggering amount considering much of that could be prevented by re-examining your office ergonomics. Using poorly designed office chairs causes stress to the whole body, as you have to constantly compensate for lack of support.” Converted, that’s about R10 billion lost each year! The common causes of back pain, as The Ergonomic Physio, a team of workplace ergonomic consultants, explain are: A slouched posture - you move towards the front of your chair, slide forward and slouch back into your backrest, due to no or little back support. Leaning forward - When you lean forward, you tend to pull more forward as you want to be closer to your workspace, however over time your muscles fatigue, leading to increased pains and aches. Why decreased productivity occurs Being comfortable in the workplace leads to increased productivity levels. If you’re experiencing discomfort, however, it becomes impossible to focus on your job. If you can’t concentrate at work, your productivity levels will decrease substantially. A study by Topaz Furniture suggests: “An adjustable chair combined with ergonomic training can actually lead to a reduction in orthopaedic damage. Further research has found that employee productivity can be increased by as much as 17.5% simply by providing them with the right chair and training.” Ergonomics, Quality and Style: Is your office chair a hit or miss So, what can companies do to help? The answer lies in purchasing ergonomic chairs! It’s in furniture and how this affects your staff and your overall bottom line. We suggest looking at more ergonomic seating and focus on the wellbeing of your staff. The benefits of ergonomic chairs include: Increased productivity; Increased quality of work; Reduced back pain and neck problems; Reduced pressure on the hips; Comfortability and user-friendliness; Adjustable seating options. It has been a long time since the world found a new chair. But in the apartments and dens of mostly young men and women, across from the soon-to-be-upgraded PC and multiple screens, there is one, introduced in the past decade and a half: the gaming chair, built for stress-free full-body support when the keyboard and heavy-duty mouse come out. It’s wheeled like an office chair, but it’s also something else. Although both types support the spine, with seats and armrests intended to keep knees and elbows at the optimal ergonomic 90-degree angle when playing or working at a desk, gaming chairs generally accommodate a greater range of movement. Many of the seatbacks can recline to 135 degrees, for cockpit-like play, while the armrests can be adjusted front to back, side to side and angled toward or awry from the body. They also typically come with adjustable pillows to support the lumbar and neck. Is a gaming chair sports equipment? Is it an office chair? Is it personal billboard? The answer is all of the above, and the boundaries are collapsing. The pandemic has rewritten the rules of work space vs. play space, and that changes where we spend our time and where we spend our furniture money. The New York Times reported that Amazon saw a 300 percent increase in the sales of gaming chairs during the early months of the pandemic, and a market analysis by Technavio estimates 12 percent year-over-year growth for 2020. It’s also spurred major growth in the video-game industry itself, with an estimated $159.3 billion in global revenue this year and double-digit growth in time spent playing. The $1500 that a gaming chair can cost is a reasonable amount to spend on a sofa. When socializing means logging into Discord, or Twitch, or Counter-Strike, why not get comfortable as you face the screen? To invest in what you are actually doing — where you are actually sitting — might seem like capitulation but is also self-care. These chairs first appeared in public view with the rise of professional video gaming, via streamed broadcasts of competitive e-sports. Lately, though, in a pandemic when most nonessential workers are essentially streaming from home, it’s hard not to notice how often they pop up behind the heads of friends and acquaintances who you’ve never realized were enthusiasts. For professional gamers, the chair has long been a billboard — real estate for hire, with the distinctive markings of the chair manufacturer hovering around the player’s head and shoulders. Everyday gamers, streaming, Steam-ing, Twitch-ing, YouTube-ing and otherwise riding out the pandemic from behind their battle stations are the stars of their own nightly shows. The first mass-market gaming chair, by most accounts, was introduced by DXRacer in 2006, when the company pivoted from its primary business manufacturing luxury car seats. (That’s not a wild leap. The game controller is held a bit like a steering wheel, and many games are racing simulations.) That early model created the outline for generations of chairs to follow, with a head-high backrest, defined shoulder support, adjustable armrests and the option of a deep recline. The look suggested the need for speed, despite the fact that gamers were physically going nowhere. And that aesthetic stuck — black body with brightly colored piping, seats with bulging muscles, synthetic materials, all indicating an affinity with the physiques and materials of physical sports. (Meanwhile Recaro, a maker of luxury sports-car seats that also sells them as office chairs, added a line with “extremely sportive appearance” in 2017, i.e., a headrest that looks like headlights.) What sets one chair apart from the next are relatively subtle differences in the silhouette up top, as well as different logos on the headrest. The last big chair innovation before this was Herman Miller’s Aeron, designed by Don Chadwick and Bill Stumpf in 1992, with its flared back and immediately identifiable mesh. When the curator Heng Zhi put up the “Seats of Power” exhibition at the Vitra Design Museum in 2018, Herman Miller’s earlier Eames Executive Office Chair made it into the show but a gaming chair didn’t, despite the fact that the latter precisely fit its criteria for media saturation and identity formation. Since then office chairs have gotten lighter and lighter in appearance, with spine-like structures and performance webbing. Gaming chairs went the other direction, with padded, faux-leather seats that cup the body and extend all the way up into headrests. Just as our enforced at-home time this summer began to crest, Herman Miller introduced its first line of gaming chairs in July, in partnership with Logitech. Herman Miller had the workplace history, and Logitech the tech cred: Its wireless keyboard and mouse are prized for their supportive contours and easy controls. The top-of-the-line Herman Miller x Logitech G Embody has a shoulder-high back, minimalist lines, and comes for the first time in black, the better to match most existing PC gaming set-ups. HM also produced versions of the Aeron and Sayl chairs in gamer-friendly colors.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21

Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

Описание: Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps Pumps are generally grouped into two broad categories—positive displacement pumps and dynamic (centrifugal) pumps. Positive displacement pumps use a mechanical means to vary the size of (or move) the fluid chamber to cause the fluid to flow. On the other hand, centrifugal pumps impart momentum to the fluid by rotating impellers that are immersed in the fluid. The momentum produces an increase in pressure or flow at the pump outlet. Positive displacement pumps have a constant torque characteristic, whereas centrifugal pumps demonstrate variable torque characteristics. This article will discuss only centrifugal pumps. A centrifugal pump converts driver energy to kinetic energy in a liquid by accelerating the fluid to the outer rim of an impeller. The amount of energy given to the liquid corresponds to the velocity at the edge or vane tip of the impeller. The faster the impeller revolves or the bigger the impeller, then the higher the velocity of the liquid at the vane tip and the greater the energy imparted to the liquid. Characteristics Creating a resistance to the flow controls the kinetic energy of a liquid coming out of an impeller. The first resistance is created by the pump volute (casing), which catches the liquid and slows it down. When the liquid slows down in the pump casing, some of the kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy. It is the resistance to the pump’s flow that is read on a pressure gauge attached to the discharge line. A pump does not create pressure, it only creates flow. Pressure is a measurement of the resistance to flow. Head—Resistance to Flow In Newtonian (true) fluids (non-viscous liquids, such as water or gasoline), the term head is the measurement of the kinetic energy that a centrifugal pump creates. Imagine a pipe shooting a jet of water straight into the air. The height that the water reaches is the head. Head measures the height of a liquid column, which the pump could create resulting from the kinetic energy the centrifugal pump gives to the liquid. The main reason for using head instead of pressure to measure a centrifugal pump’s energy is that the pressure from a pump will change if the specific gravity (weight) of the liquid changes, but the head will not change. End users can always describe a pump’s performance on any Newtonian fluid, whether it is heavy (sulfuric acid) or light (gasoline), by using head. Head is related to the velocity that the liquid gains when going through the pump. All the forms of energy involved in a liquid flow system can be expressed in terms of feet of liquid. The total of these heads determines the total system head or the work that a pump must perform in the system. The different types of head—friction, velocity and pressure—are defined in this section. Gear Pump Operation and Maintenance 1. Introduction A gear pump uses two meshing, toothed cogs to force water from the inlet of the pump through to the outlet. Figure No. 1 shows a simplified drawing of an external teeth gear pump on the left along with the alternate arrangement of internally pointing teeth. 2. Gear pump Design Gear pumps use toothed gears turning inside a close tolerance housing to draw-in liquid and then squeezing it out ahead of them. Paddle steamers used the same principle of operation. These pumps are positive displacement pumps and anything drawn into them will be forced out. As a consequence they can generate very high discharge pressures. Materials of construction vary from metals of various types and hardness through to plastics of various types and hardness. Maintaining the close tolerances between the housing and the cogs is critical to efficient operation. The clearance between the edges of the teeth and the housing and the ends of the cogs and the back and front walls of the housing are very small. Between the teeth and housing it is in the order of 0.1 mm (0.004”) while the clearances between the front and back faces of the gears and the ends of the housing are only 0.025 mm (0.001”). The fine clearances reduce liquid re-circulation back from the high-pressure discharge to the low-pressure suction side and make these pumps one of the most efficient available. Gear pumps usually have one shaft penetration through the housing for connection to the drive. The gear shafts on the smaller pumps can be supported in journal bearings within the ends of the housing and are lubricated by the product. On larger pumps rolling element bearings mounted in bearing housings are used. To prevent surface to surface contact wear of teeth the product does the lubrication. 3. Gear pump Uses The design of a gear pump lends itself to use with clean liquids. Insure they draw liquid from well above the bottom of the supply tank in clear liquid space. Both low and high viscosity liquids can be pumped. If food grade products sensitive to shear (i.e. where the churning action of the pump breaks cells and fibres) are to be pumped the size of the pump will need to be increased and the speed reduced. The design also produces good suction characteristics and they can be used to draw clean, low viscosity liquids from a good depth or distance. Where high viscosity liquids are pumped, or if drawing from a depth or distance, make it easy for the liquid to flow into the pump. Install large diameter suction lines, keep them short and where possible always put the pump lower than the supply tank so the suction is under positive head pressure from the stored liquid. The very fine tolerances prevent pumping anything with a solid or particulate, as it would be squashed between the teeth and destroy the pump. If there is risk of solids being drawn into the pump it is necessary to install a suction line strainer that can be easily cleaned. Use as fine mesh screen as is possible without greatly increasing the suction pressure loses else the pump will cavitate. If the particulate is so fine that it passes through the screen it is better to choose a different design of pump. Being a positive displacement pump there deliver very precise quantities for each revolution and this means they have good dosing characteristics regardless of their speed. Gear pumps make good chemical additive dosing pumps provided material compatibility issues are addressed. 4. Gear pump Installations When using a gear pump a pressure relief valve must be fitted to protect the pump if deadheaded against a closed valve or blockage. The PRV can be piped back to the suction side of the pump or into the supply tank. Pumps driven by belt drives have the added protection that the belts will slip in the pulleys if the pump is deadheaded. Insure bearings with a heavy-duty radial load carrying ability are installed if the pump is to be belt driven. If a drive coupling is used between the motor and the pump it is critical to align the shafts precisely to within 0.05 mm (0.002”) from motor shaft end to pump shaft end using laser or reverse dial indicator methods. Shaft misalignment produces orbital motion that loads the bearings and distorts the shaft as it turns. Flexible shaft couplings will transmit these loads. These pumps require solid, firm mounts on solid metal bases and plinths. If direct in-line drive through a shaft coupling is used the entire pump set must be mounted on a solid steel frame with pump feet positions machined flat to within 0.025 (0.001”) tolerance 5. Maintenance Issues Gear pumps require good, robust installation, a PRV to protect the pump from overpressure and an assured supply of clean liquid. Those with outboard bearings require the bearings to be lubricated. Mechanical seals introduce there own set of problems and if possible select pumps that do not use them. If mechanical seals are fitted it becomes critical that shafts run true and the process pressures and flows are steady and do not fluctuate wildly to load up the bearings and gear teeth unevenly. The gear teeth must not be run dry. Unlubricated teeth will rub together and wear away. If these pumps are run dry and temperatures rise the cogs will expand and start rubbing on the housing. This will tear-up the housing and teeth. Either the pump is destroyed or the fine housing clearances are lost which then allows recirculation within the pump. The best protection against dry running is to install a flow switch in the suction line that turns power off to the pump if there is no flow. Ball Valve - How They Work A ball valve is a shut off valve that controls the flow of a liquid or gas by means of a rotary ball having a bore. By rotating the ball a quarter turn (90 degrees) around its axis, the medium can flow through or is blocked. They are characterized by a long service life and provide a reliable sealing over the life span, even when the valve is not in use for a long time. As a result, they are more popular as a shut off valve then for example the gate valve. For a complete comparison, read our gate valve vs ball valve article. Moreover, they are more resistant against contaminated media than most other types of valves. In special versions, ball valves are also used as a control valve. This application is less common due to the relatively limited accuracy of controlling the flow rate in comparison with other types of control valves. However, the valve also offers some advantages here. For example, it still ensures a reliable sealing, even in the case of dirty media. What are the different types of Butterfly valves? Each of the three different types of Butterfly valves are adapted to work with different pressures and usage. They include: Zero offset Butterfly valves which have the lowest pressure rating and relies on the flexibility of rubber Double offset Butterfly valves which are used in slightly higher-pressure systems which, by creating a cam action during operation to lift the seat out of the seal, produces less friction, reducing the tendency for wear and results in high performance Triple offset Butterfly valves which are best suited for high-pressure systems. Why are butterfly valves good for use as a fluid flow control valve? One of the key features that promote Butterfly valves as a fluid flow control valve is that they are smaller and weigh less than the alternatives. Providing they are sized correctly, Butterfly valves can offer a wider control range than similar valves, such as globe or ball valves and take up less space. As well as the size and weight advantages, Butterfly valves also have a higher capacity and lower flow restrictions. They are also the valve of choice for economical reasons as they offer lower installation costs. This is down to Butterfly valves being line size and not requiring pipework reducers. Applications where Butterfly valves can be used as a fluid flow control valve There is a wide range of applications for when Butterfly valves are ideal for use as a fluid flow control valve. They can be used for capacity lines on shops and perform well within slurry and water applications with high volume. Some of the applications, where the different types of Butterfly valves that BM Engineering stock, can be used include: Cooling water, air, gases and fire protection Slurry Vacuum services High pressure, temperature water, and steam services Compressed air applications Compressed gas applications.  

Дата Публикации: 27-12-21