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- Создано: 08-03-22
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What is a Ferrous Metal?
Описание: What is a Ferrous Metal? There are many different categories into which metals can be placed. Some metals may be ductile, some may be brittle. Other metals could be magnetic, and some have no magnetism at all. Some types of alloys can be precipitation hardened, and others cannot. The aforementioned are important distinctions; however, when categorizing metals, one of the most important differences worth noting is whether the metal in question is ferrous or non-ferrous. What is a Ferrous Metal? A metal with the descriptor “ferrous” means that it has iron in its composition. When the term ferrous metal is used, it also usually implies that iron is a large percentage of the elemental composition. If it’s not the most abundant element, it would probably be the second or third most prolific. If a metal only contains trace amounts of iron, as many metals do, then that small amount is not considered enough to declare the metal ferrous. What are the Common Properties of Ferrous Metals? It is difficult to assign common properties to ferrous metals, since they can have a wide variety of alloying elements that greatly change their characteristics. For instance, many ferrous metals are magnetic; however, it is not true for all ferrous metals. Austenitic stainless steel, while considered a ferrous metal, is not magnetic because the large amount of nickel allows it to have a crystal structure that is predominantly austenite at room temperature. Austenite is not magnetic, although it does contain iron. Some ferrous metals, such as cast iron, are extremely strong and brittle. However, low carbon steel, another type of ferrous metal, can be quite soft and ductile because it does not contain as high of an amount of carbon as cast iron. While it is difficult to place the properties of all ferrous materials under one umbrella, there are some generalizations that can be made with some accuracy. Ferrous metals often have relatively high amounts of strength, especially when compared with copper, tin, and lead alloys. Ferrous metals are also generally hard, and if they’re not alloyed with many other elements or coated, can be subject to rust. Most ferrous materials, with the exception of austenitic stainless steel and some other grades, are magnetic. Examples of Ferrous Metals As was mentioned earlier in the article, there are many different types of ferrous metals. The following are some examples of ferrous metals: Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Cast Iron Alloy Steel Carbon Steel Carbon steels are possibly the most widely used type of ferrous metal. They are primarily made up of iron, with over 90% of their chemical composition being that element. The only other major alloying element in carbon steel is carbon. There are only trace amounts of other elements. Common applications of carbon steels include structures, furniture, and automotive components. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is another group of ferrous metals that are commonly used. In general, stainless steels have a high amount of chromium that helps them to resist corrosion better than carbon steels. Stainless steels can be further broken down into subgroups. Austenitic stainless steels have the most corrosion resistance, with high amounts of nickel and chromium. There are also ferritic, martensitic, and duplex stainless steels. Each has their own advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. Common applications of stainless steels include appliances, pharmaceutical and medical equipment, food-grade equipment, and knives. Cast Iron Cast iron is a type of ferrous metal that has more carbon than most other types. This gives it a high amount of strength. Although high in strength, it is quite brittle. The lack of other alloying elements outside of iron and carbon make it a relatively affordable ferrous metal. Common applications of cast iron include cookware, small components subject to wear such as gears, rods, and pins, and mining equipment. Alloy Steel Alloy steels are a type of ferrous metal specially formulated to serve specific purposes. While composed primarily of iron, differing amounts of copper, vanadium, tungsten, manganese, and other elements can be used to tailor an alloy steel to have higher toughness, ductility, tensile strength, hardness, and other properties. Common applications of alloy steels include tools, dies, and machining equipment. Garden Soil Inoculant: What It Is and Why You Need It About 78% of our atmosphere is made up of nitrogen. It's in the air we breathe and is necessary for plants (and humans) to survive. So how do you help your plants get all the nitrogen they need to thrive? The answer is garden soil inoculant. By inoculating your legume plants, you help to add nitrogen to your soil, which in turn lets the rest of your garden get the nitrogen it needs. Nitrogen is a gas that occurs naturally in our atmosphere. It's one of the big three nutrients that plants need to survive, the others being phosphorus and potassium. Plants need nitrogen to grow because it helps them perform photosynthesis, which is the process that gives the plant its food – and in turn, our food. Plants can't absorb nitrogen from the air; they need it to be in the soil to access it. That's where inoculation comes in. Inoculation helps certain plants, namely legumes, to fix nitrogen in the ground where it can be accessed more readily. I will admit to taking my peas and beans for granted. I put the seeds in the ground, and a short while later I'm enjoying delicious legume-based meals. After harvesting, I put the plants in the compost pile to start the process over again next year. I didn't realize that I was missing an important step by leaving out a garden inoculant. If you aren't using an inoculant, you're not doing everything you can to make your plants happy. What Is Silicon Slag Used For Silicon slag is a solid residue after alumina extraction by fly ash sintering. The mainstream silicon slag is ferrosilicon slag and silicon metal slag in the market because of main content containing silicon. At present, silicon slag can be used not only for deoxidation in the steel making industry, but also in cement, concrete, calcium silicate board and permeable brick industry. However, due to high alkali content, silicon slag applications are quite limited in the building materials industry. The what is silicon slag used for? Today, we will enjoy knowledge about silicon slag applications for our customers. Silicon slag as one of ferro alloy can be desulfurized effectively and the effect is satisfactory. Silicon slag is also a hot sale product in the field of deoxidation. Because of low price and containing silicon element, steel manufacturers are more inclined to silicon slag products when they purchase ferro alloy raw material for steel making. The silicon slag is excellent in desulfurization, the main reason is that the silicon slag contains a large amount of basic oxides, which can react with sulfur dioxide to form sulfates and the slurry can be used for flue gas desulfurization. So what is the desulfurization effect of silicon slag? Experiments show that the desulphurization effect of silicon slag can be as high as 100%. And the duration of 100% desulfurization efficiency is longer than that of limestone slurry under the same conditions. Using silicon slag for flue gas desulfurization not only reduces the emission of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, but also reduces the alkali pollution during the stacking process of silicon slag. This provides a new idea for the comprehensive utilization of silicon slag. Silicon slag can be used not only for desulfurization but also for good deoxidation in practical use. Compared to expensive desulfurization and deoxidization, silicon slag is cheap as ferro alloy products with strong advantages. Therefore, more and more manufacturers prefer to use silicon slag as the smelting materials for desulfurization during applications as well as satisfied effect. Anyang Huatuo Metallurgy, as silicon slag supplier, is a professional manufacturer of ferro alloy and metallurgical materials with professional facilities for production of ferro alloys products. Deoxidizing Aluminum as a Pretreatment Due to properties like strength, lightweight, and resistance to corrosion, aluminum alloys are being mostly used in the aerospace industry. To increase the life of the spacecraft, good quality surface treatment is required for the custom aluminum parts. Surface treatment of aluminum is imperative to improve the properties of the aluminum like hardness, resistance to wear & tear, and decorative properties i.e physical appearance. Cleaning, polishing, painting, plating, and heat treatment are some typical examples of surface treatment processes. When aluminum comes in contact with the surrounding oxygen, it can create a very thin layer of aluminum oxides. This unwanted layer of oxides may affect the surface treatment process like anodizing or electroplating. This aluminum oxides layer must be removed before surface treatment processes for better surface properties. This removal of the layer is known as the de-oxidation of aluminum. During the de-oxidation process, aluminum oxides are removed from the surface to improve the efficiency of surface treatment processes. These oxides cannot be removed by ordinary mineral acids so they are removed by oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions by the use of nitric, sulfuric, or chromic acids based solutions. Types of Deoxidizers There are different possible ways to prepare a solution that will meet your requirement of preparing surfaces for treatment processes. This can be accomplished by preparing a solution of a strong acid and any other suitable chemical agent. The solutions based on nitric, sulfuric, or chromic acids are most commonly used for the deoxidation of aluminum. The nitric acid and sulfuric acid-based solutions are interchangeably used as deoxidizers. As nitric acid is most commonly used so in this article nitric acid-based solutions are discussed in detail. Nitric acid can act as an autocatalytic and also slowly attack aluminum. Because of these abilities, nitric acid-based deoxidizers are most commonly used. The metals which are rich in magnesium cannot be treated efficiently with caustic etching or with other surface treatment processes. In those cases, the nitric acid-based solution is preferred because they are more effective deoxidizers in the case of magnesium. The oxidizers containing nitric acid produce the finishes of satin type. It does not remove the shine from the finished metal part and also helps in making the old parts serviceable by improving their surface finish. Nitric acid opens the pore structure which makes the anodizing process easier. After processes like painting, anodizing, or any other surface treatment, oxidizers based on nitric acid can be used. For example, the solution of 15-20% nitric acid, 60-70% ferric sulfate, and ammonium bifluoride can be used to remove the layer of aluminum oxide, before any surface treatment process. As these solutions are chromium-free, they are environment-friendly. Furthermore, no fume exhaust is required in this case. The 316 Stainless Steel or Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVFD) liner is used to make the tanks for this type of deoxidation. What Does Curing Agent Mean? A curing agent is a substance that is used to harden a surface or material. It is typically applied to polymer surfaces to facilitate the bonding of the molecular components of the material. The stronger the molecular bonds are, the harder the material surface is. There are three types of curing agents, namely: curing agents that react with the surface upon which they are applied to facilitate hardening; catalytic agents that do not react with the material surface; and initiator agents that only begin the necessary hardening reactions but do not continue to react with the system.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
Diesel Engine Basics
Описание: Diesel Engine Basics A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses compression ignition to ignite the fuel as it is injected into the engine. DIESEL ENGINES VS. GASOLINE ENGINES It is helpful to an understanding of how diesel engines work to compare the differences between a diesel engine and a gasoline engine. The main differences between a gasoline engine and a diesel engine are: A gasoline engine takes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it, and ignites the mixture with a spark. A diesel engine takes air, compresses it, and then injects fuel into the compressed air. The heat of the compressed air ignites the fuel spontaneously. A diesel engine does not contain a spark plug. A gasoline engine compresses at a ratio of 8:1 to 12:1, while a diesel engine compresses at a ratio of 14:1 to as high as 25:1. The higher compression ratio of the diesel engine leads to better efficiency. Gasoline engines generally use either carburetion, in which the air and fuel are mixed long before the air enters the cylinder, or port fuel injection, in which the fuel is injected just prior to the intake stroke (outside the cylinder). In a gasoline engine, therefore, all of the fuel is loaded into the cylinder during the intake stroke and then compressed. The compression of the fuel/air mixture limits the compression ratio of the engine - if it compresses the air too much, the fuel/air mixture spontaneously ignites and causes knocking. Diesel engines use direct fuel injection i.e. diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. A diesel engine compresses only air, so the compression ratio can be much higher. The higher the compression ratio, the more power generated. Diesel fuel injectors, unlike gasoline injectors, must be able to withstand the temperature and pressure inside the cylinder and still deliver the fuel in a fine mist. To ensure that the mist is evenly distributed throughout the cylinder, some diesel engines are equipped with special induction valves or pre-combustion chambers. Newer diesel engines are equipped with high-pressure common rail fuel systems. See Diesel Fuel System Basics for more information on this type of fuel system. Diesel engines may be equipped with a glow plug. When a diesel engine is cold, the compression process may not raise the air temperature high enough to ignite the fuel. The glow plug is an electrically heated wire that facilitates fuel ignition when the engine is cold. Glow plugs are typically found on small diesel engines. Gasoline engines do not require glow plugs as they do not rely on spontaneous combustion. Welder Generators: What You Need To Know Why have one when you can have two? A welder generator appeals to the value-seeker in every one of us. But it doesn’t stop there – with manufacturers packing even more tools into a generator unit, we can now get more bang for our buck than ever before. Here, we reveal what you need to know about these multi-tasking powerhouses… What is a Welder Generator?A welder generator creates power for welding without reliance on mains electricity. Simply fill up the fuel tank, just as you would for a regular generator, and the welder generator will power your welding equipment wherever you need it. As a result, welder generators have become essential equipment for constructions sites, farms, industry and more. Can I use a welder generator as a generator? Sure can! One of the biggest advantages of a welder generator is that it can be used as a stand-alone generator. This saves you space, money and hassle in running two separate machines. So when you aren’t using the machine for welding, you can use the generator power for work lights, emergency power or to run power tools. You can plug tools and appliances directly into its outlets as normal. What else can a welder generator do? Advances in manufacturing means you can now get 2-in-1, 3-in-1 and even 4-in-1 machines (known as ‘workstation generators’). Take the Crommelins 7kVA 3 in 1 workstation – it houses a welder, generator and battery charger in one powerful yet surprisingly compact unit. The welder generator delivers a maximum output of 5600 watts together with 60-180 amp welding capacity and 12 – 24V battery charger. There are also 4-in-1 options with everything you could need for a demanding jobsite; that is, a generator, welder, compressor and batter charger. Isn’t technology great? The most common choice of welder generator is the conventional model such as the Gentech 7kVA Welder Generator Powered by Honda. This is our best seller for farmers, tradies and serious DIY’ers who just want a tough, reliable welder generator unit. The other popular welder generator model is the Powerlite 7kVA Welder Generator, also powered by Honda. Air-Cooled Engines All engines are air-cooled, but some, like the two-cyle engines in your chainsaw and leaf blower, pass their heat directly into the air, while others, like the engine in your Studebaker, give up their heat to a liquid coolant, which releases it into the air through a heat exchanger--the radiator. But to keep things simple, we use the term "air-cooled" to describe any engine without water jackets in the block (and head, if applicable), and "water-cooled or liquid-cooled" to describe engines with a cooling system that circulates liquid. Air-cooled engines have fins cast into their cylinders and cylinder heads that give the engine greater surface area through which cool air can pass. As air passes over and through the fins, the engine's heat dissipates into the air. Air-cooled VW, Porsche and Corvair engines needed this air/oil cooling arrangement because they were rear mounted and wrapped in body work that prevented air from circulating freely around the cylinders. Also, as engines grow larger in displacement, it becomes increasingly difficult to cool them with air alone. All air-cooled engines are hailed for their simplicity, ease of maintenance and ruggedness. In the early part of the last century, air-cooling was believed by some to be the future of automotive engine design because it eliminated the complicated and troublesome cooling system. But advances in chemistry and cooling-system design made liquid cooling practical. Liquid cooling is used in all but small single-cylinder two-strokes and four-strokes today (like your lawn and garden equipment or chainsaw) because it keeps engine temperatures uniform under a wider variety of conditions, which takes the guesswork out of tuning an engine for power and emissions. What are Different Types of Engine – Complete Explanation In this article, we will learn about different types of engine. The classification of the engines depends upon the types of fuel used, cycle of operation, number of strokes, type of ignition, number of cylinders, arrangement of cylinders, valve arrangement, types of cooling etc. these engines are used in different areas such as in automotive industries, aircraft industries, marine industries, etc. according to their suitability they are used in different areas. So let's discuss about different engine types one by one. (i). External combustion engine: In external combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine. Example: steam engine. (ii). Internal combustion engine: In internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine. Two stroke and four stroke petrol and diesel engine are the examples of internal combustion engine. (i). Reciprocating engine: In reciprocating engine, there is a piston and cylinder, the piston does reciprocating (to and Fro) motion within the cylinder. Due to the reciprocating motion of the piston, it is called reciprocating engine. 2 stroke and four stroke engines are the common examples of reciprocating engine. (ii). Rotary engine: In rotary engine, the rotor does rotary motion to produce power. There is no reciprocating motion. A rotor is present in the chamber which does rotary motion inside a chamber. Wankel rotary engine , turbine engines are the rotary types of engine. (i). Petrol engine: The engine which uses petrol for its working is called petrol engine. (ii). Diesel engine: The engine which uses diesel for its working is called diesel engine. (iii). Gas engine: An engine using gas fuel for the working is called gas engine. Portable Generator Maintenance: Oil And Fuel When preparing your portable generator for use, especially when being used as a backup power source, It is important to perform proper maintenance. There are many components that you must maintain on your generator, but we're going to focus on two of the most important: oil and fuel. Here are some important tips to remember when maintaining your portable generator: 1. OIL It's essential to maintain your generator by regularly servicing the oil in the engine. The last thing you want during an emergency is to have your portable generator's engine shut down from lack of oil. Especially when you're relying on it to power necessary appliances in your home. Every time you used your generator, you should check the engine oil level. Usually every 100 hours—or every season—you should change the oil. However, if you use your portable generator in any extreme conditions, such as in a dirty or dusty environment, or in extremely hot weather, you should change the oil more frequently. Additionally, when disposing of oil, make sure to return it to a collection center to avoid pollution. 2. FUEL Before we talk about maintenance for your fuel, let's discuss the fuel requirements for your portable generator: Use clean, fresh, unleaded gasoline Fuel must have a minimum rating of 87 octane/87 AKI While up to 10% ethanol is acceptable, non-ethanol-premium fuel is recommended DO NOT use E85, gas/oil mix, or modify the engine to run on alternate fuels Depending on the portable generator model, you will either need to keep an eye on the fuel gauge, or you will need to manually check the fuel level. When refueling, you should always turn the generator off and let it cool down a bit first. This will allow hot components to cool and avoid a fire if gasoline is splashed or spilled. When you're not using the portable generator consistently, it is recommended you start and run it for a half hour every thirty days as a way of “exercising” the generator. If you are storing your generator between uses, make sure it's in a dry, safe place to prevent moisture, which can cause rust to accumulate in the fuel tank. Here a just a few more guidelines to follow: Add fuel stabilizer if your portable generator is being stored for over 30 days If fuel stabilizer is added, prepare and run the engine for long term storage Run the engine for 10-15 minutes to circulate the stabilizer Do NOT store fuel from one season to the next unless properly treated with fuel stabilizer
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
Using disposable gloves: Overview
Описание: Using disposable gloves: Overview Disposable gloves are gloves that you use one time and then throw away. They can protect your health and the health of the person you're caring for. They help keep germs and infection from spreading to you and to the other person. Use gloves whenever you might touch your loved one's body fluids, such as saliva, blood, urine, or stool. Use a new pair of gloves when you touch areas near a cut (incision) made by a doctor. And some people use gloves when bathing a loved one. Gloves can also be used when you put medicines on the skin and when you give shots.Gloves do not protect you from poking your skin with sharp objects. So if you are handling sharp objects, such as needles, be sure that the object doesn't poke a hole in the glove. Handle these types of objects carefully. Gloves can help prevent infection from body fluids. But if there are times when you choose not to use gloves or don't have any, keep your hands as clean as possible. After coming into contact with body fluids, wash your hands as soon as you can. And keep hand sanitizer available. What are the types of disposable gloves?Disposable gloves may be sterile or non-sterile. Your care team can tell you if you need to use sterile gloves, and they will give you special instructions about where to get them and how to use them. Most people do not need sterile gloves. Sterile gloves will be individually wrapped. Non-sterile disposable gloves are usually pulled out of a box or container. Disposable gloves may be made from latex (rubber) or vinyl. If you or the person you're caring for is allergic to latex, be sure to use vinyl or non-latex gloves. How do you put on and take off disposable gloves?Be sure the gloves are the right size. They should fit close but should not be too tight. If the gloves are too big, they can slip or make it harder to grip things. If they're too small, they won't feel comfortable and they can tear. Wash your hands well with soap, and rinse them with clean, running water. Then dry them well.Hold the glove in one hand, and put your other hand into the glove. Repeat with your other hand.When you are ready to remove your gloves, remember that the outside of the gloves may be soiled. Be sure to take them off so that the soiled material stays away from your hands. Grab the cuff of the glove and pull it down so that the glove comes off of your hand inside out. Throw away the gloves in a plastic bag, and wash your hands. Benefits of disposable gloves in healthcare They offer chemical resistance You'd be surprised to find that your natural rubber latex is originally sourced from the sap of a rubber tree. Latex is what offers your gloves the chemical resistance that you need from acids and other dangerous chemicals. This ensures that you're protected if you work in a lab that houses various chemical components. But if you're worried about a latex allergy, there are other alternatives, such as vinyl gloves, that you should consider using. It's resistant to puncturesWhen you're in healthcare, you use a lot of needles to prick and probe your patients. Therefore, ensuring that you're not exposed to their blood when you're trying to get blood samples of any kind is essential. The great thing about choosing disposable gloves is that they won't be easily punctured should you make any mistakes while trying to draw blood from your patient. This should help you to avoid any cross-contamination. In addition, it should ensure that you don't expose yourself or your patients to unknown issues should your blood accidentally mix. They're durable If your job requires you to do different tasks throughout the day, you want adequate protection for your hands that won't break easily. Disposable gloves are the durable protection that you need to last you throughout the day. They're made from rubber tree sap. Since they're naturally sourced, they're made from natural and robust material. You should rest-assure that they won't snap when you least expect them to. Comfort Latex offers you flexibility and comfort. You don't have to worry about your hands being cramped after using these gloves for hours. In summary, these gloves offer you a wide range of protection from free radicals when you work in an environment at high risk. In the healthcare industry, it's not only your health and safety that's a significant concern. The last thing you want to do is infect your patients with any potentially life-threatening diseases due to negligence. An almost sure way to ensure that this doesn't happen is by covering your hands with protective and durable gear such as your disposable latex gloves. Nitrile vs Vinyl Gloves - A Detailed Comparison What are the differences between nitrile vs vinyl gloves? Which is better for what purposes? While nitrile gloves are generally more expensive than vinyl gloves, they offer a number of advantages over vinyl. When choosing disposable gloves, the main issue to consider is which ones are appropriate for the task at hand. The purpose of this guide is not to give you a definitive answer on which type of glove is better. Rather, it will provide information about nitrile and vinyl gloves that allow you to make your own decision based on your needs. What are Nitrile Gloves? Nitrile is a synthetic rubber that offers flexibility, long-life durability, and chemical resistance. Nitrile is a synthetic elastomer designed to be moisture resistant. Disposable nitrile gloves are flexible and durable making them ideal for industrial tasks, the food industry, and health care applications. They are also great for most medical environments. What are Nitrile Gloves Made From? Nitrile gloves are made from synthetic rubber called acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. This material provides users with heightened tactile sensitivity, allowing you to pick up small items such as screws and needles more accurately. They are also more puncture resistant. The disposable glove materials were first developed to solve the common problems of allergic reactions to natural rubber latex gloves and low protection against solvents. They are the most popular glove materials used in many industries and the ideal alternative to disposable latex gloves. What are Nitrile Gloves Used For? Nitrile gloves are used for a variety of industrial, domestic, and healthcare purposes. Nitrile gloves are the popular choice for health care workers, dentistry, beauty shop owners, healthcare providers, laboratory work, food handling, chemical handling, and general industrial tasks. Nitrile protective gloves can also be found in the automotive industry and janitorial industry. Nitrile was found to be more durable than vinyl when performing gripping tasks with power tools and picking up tools like wrenches and screwdrivers. What are the Advantages of Nitrile Gloves? Because nitrile is naturally resistant to oils, it can offer extra protection for people working with oily substances such as motor oils, adhesives like epoxies, and other petroleum based chemicals or lubricants. Nitrile gloves offer many advantages over vinyl gloves that include: High chemical resistance Highly resistant to oils, fats, and petroleum-based products Superior puncture resistance High level of touch sensitivity Best for high-risk situations around infectious materials Great fit molding to hand Long lasting durability and flexible Lightweight and breathable material, easy to use Available in powdered and powder-free Can be worn for longer periods of time Latex-free, protein-free, and allergy-free Long shelf life Disposable CoverallsWhat Does Disposable Coveralls Mean? Disposable coveralls are an item of personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to cover the whole body and other clothing to protect against dirt or other outside contaminants. Coveralls are one piece and loose fitting for ease of movement, with sleeves, full leggings and often a hood to cover the head. These can also include overshoe pieces to cover footwear and protect against contamination. Safeopedia Explains Disposable coveralls The purpose of using disposable materials to make coveralls is to avoid cost issues when using non-disposable materials which are certain to sustain damage when used situations that require coveralls very regularly, for harsh work conditions. Common materials used to make disposable gear are Tyvek, Polypropylene or Tychem. These materials have different safety ratings and properties which suit them to different environments. For example; some suits can be used in hazardous situations to protect from acid spills or hazard chemicals while some more breathable varieties may not. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have provided regulations and standards for the design, testing and use of disposable coveralls which should be considered by employers while making a risk assessment, safety plan and choosing PPE. Know Your Nonwoven: Cotton All-Natural Nonwoven Fiber Cotton nonwovens have the characteristics of excellent absorption and release, while also offering superior comfort and softness. Nonwoven cottons are ideal for applications such as cosmetic wipes, baby diapers, adult incontinence products, hygiene products, cleaning wipes, medical bandages, equine bandages, and more. A variety of fabric treatment options are available to develop cotton nonwoven materials with specific beneficial characteristics. These may include: Anti-microbial/Anti-bacterial Anti-static Biodegradable Custom Machined Colors Dry Cleaning Resistance Flame Retardant Heat Sealability Hydrophilic In some cases cotton nonwovens can be fabricated in custom colors and printing. Advantages of Buying Nonwoven Cotton Fabric from WPT Nonwovens While some cotton nonwoven suppliers are only interested in filling large volume orders, WPT Nonwovens serves not only high-volume needs, but we also affordably serve small niche buyers. Other advantages we offer include: Ability to provide a sample within 30 days Production and shipment of your order within four to six weeks Extensive experience in developing nonwoven polyester fabric Unsurpassed customer service A fully capable manufacturing facility located in Beaver Dam, Kentucky If you have a project that requires an all-natural and hypo-allergenic material, consider cotton nonwovens from WPT Nonwovens.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
What are slip-on flanges, and When do we use slip-on flange?
Описание: What are slip-on flanges, and When do we use slip-on flange? Slip-on flanges are available at a lower cost and hence preferred by several contractors. The product holds ample of strength and works even under fatigue conditions as that of the weld-neck flange. The slip-on flange can work well after attaching to the end of a pipe or pipe fitting. The product is fit in easily, or the end of the pipe is set back easily by the thickness of the pipe wall plus 1/8 of an inch. It allows easy installation without putting effort and damaging to the flange face. The outer side of the flange is welded with a fillet weld. Features of Slip-on flanges These are flanges available at less cost. They have a low hub as pipe slips into the flange before performing welding. These slip-on flanges are easy to align welded, both internally and externally. Types of Slip-on flangesThere are various types of Slip-on flanges, including the Slip-On Reducing Flange, raised face slip-on flange, and RTJ slip-on flange. The flange is applicable for reducing the line size and limitation of the space limitations. These flanges work along with the weld neck flange and reducer combination. They are useful when the flow is directed from the smaller size to the larger size. Slip-On flanges are welded internally and externally. The welding offers them the ability to prevent leakage and sufficient strength. Uses of Slip-on flanges Slip-on flanges are primarily applicable for fluids working at low pressure. Also, these flanges work well with little chance of leakage. These flanges work well in cooling water lines, firefighting water lines, and low-pressure compressed airlines. Along with this, slip-on flanges are suitable in process lines to maintain the stream of steam, oil, gas, condensates, etc. These flanges are applicable for low pressure and higher temperature system. Common Uses and Features of Blind Pipe FlangesBlinds are flanges without a center bore (hole or opening) and are available in both Raised Face (RF) and Flat Face (FF) styles. While most flange types create a connection point that allows the flow of liquid, gas, or air, blind flanges are used to seal the end of a piping system and prevent flow. Blind flanges may be used when testing pipe pressure, to create an access point in a piping system, to temporarily seal a piping system while modifying or repairing the line, or to create a long-term seal to terminate a piping system. A blind flange is bolted, rather than welded in place. This allows easier access as needed for pipe system upkeep, inspection, or to allow for future expansion. Pairing with a gasket creates a tight seal: The gasket fills the space between the flange faces, which prevents liquid or gas leaks. How to Choose the Right Blind Flange Blind pipe flanges may be produced to match bolt hole measurements for slip-on or weld neck flanges, or if needed, can be custom machined to any other specifications. Either way, when purchasing flanges, choose the appropriate flange features, material, dimensions, and class to meet your application needs. Find the Best Blind Flange Material for the Job When choosing blind flanges, you must consider the best flange material and dimensions in relation to the piping standards and requirements of your intended application. Generally, your flange material should match the connecting pipe material. The most common blind flange materials are steel and stainless steel. Steel is preferred for strength. API International stocks blind flanges in both forged and plate steel. Stainless steel flanges are also available in forged or plate varieties in 304L and 316L. Stainless steel flanges are often preferred for corrosion resistance. In many cases, import material is acceptable to save on cost – in these cases, the flanges will still meet all the standards for pressure applications. In instances where domestic flanges are specified, API International manufactures flanges meeting “Buy American” or meeting American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) requirements. Plate flange vs slip-on flangeA plate flange is a flat, circular disc welded to a pipe’s end enabling the flange to be bolted to another pipe. It is often referred to as flat flange, plain flange and flange slip, etc. Two plate flanges can be bolted together with a gasket in between them, usually used in fuel and water pipelines. The length of the pipes is not always known while constructing a pipeline. The plates may also be welded with a slight bias to the shaft,Plate flanges have a serrated finish on the inner mating surface allowing the plate to fit within the material of the gasket. In any given dimension, plate flange designs are standardized regardless of the materials used to manufacture them. This ensures it exactly fit a 6-inch (15 cm) black pipe flange to a 6-inch stainless steel flange. This guarantees a perfect seal between the two connecting pipes. Slip-On flanges also known as SO flanges, or reducers, long-tangent elbows, and swags are built to slip over the outside of the pipe. The flange has low vibration and shock resistance. Aligning a slip-on flange is simpler than any other flange. The slip-on flange is suitable for applications with low pressure as the strength is around one third that of a weld neck flange when under internal pressure. The Slip-on flange features an elevated profile. Slip flanges or SO flanges are typically lower in cost hence making a common choice for the customers. A fillet weld is often welded to the back or exterior of the slip-on flange or SO flange. Because of their lower initial cost, they are favored over other flanges by many consumers, but the final installation cost is possibly not much less than that of the other flanges due to the additional welding involved. Threaded Flanges Threaded flanges are widely demanded as pipe flanges used in different industrial applications. They are the special type of pipe flanges which can be attached to the pipe without welding. Threaded flanges are threaded in the bore which match an external thread on the pipe. These threads are tapered in order to create a seal between the threaded flange and the pipe as the tapers approach the same diameter. Sometimes a seal weld is also used together with the threaded connection. They are available in various sizes and materials. Uses of threaded flanges: Threaded flanges can be fitted to pipes of various sizes without welding and this is one chief benefit for which these flanges are highly demanded. They can be used in extremely high pressure applications, particularly at or near atmospheric temperature, where the necessary post weld heat treatment is not possible. They are ideal for small diameter piping applications. They are economical and time saving devices. These threaded flanges are normally designed for non-cyclic applications. The flanges are suitable to be used in applications where welding is hazardous. They can be used in highly explosive areas. Lap Joint Flanges Lap Joint flanges are used on piping fitted with with lapped pipe or with lap joint stub ends. The lap joint flange with the stub end assembly are normally used in systems requiring frequent dismantling for inspection and cleaning and where the ability to swivel flanges and to align bolt holes materially eases the erection of large diameter or unusually stiff piping. These flanges are also used in applications where there is a need to facilitate bolt alignment. These type of flanges are similar to slip-on flanges. The only difference is that it has a curved radius at the bore and face to accommodate a lap joint stub end. They may be used at all pressures and are available in a full size range. These lap joint flanges slip over the pipe, and are not welded. They are otherwise fastened to it. Here the bolting pressure is transferred to the gasket by the pressure of the flange against the back of the pipe lap. Advantages of Lap Joint Flanges: Lap Joint FlangesLap Joint flanges have certain special advantages over other flanges. These are as follows: Lap Joint flanges have the freedom to swivel around the pipe. This facilitates the lining up of opposing flange bolt holes. Lack of contact with the fluid inside the pipe leads to the greater durability of these flanges. In piping systems which corrode or erode quickly, the lap joint flanges may be salvaged for re-use. The pressure-holding capacity of lap joint flanges is little. But it is better than that of slip-on flanges. The Lap Joint works as a backing ring on the stub. The main advantage of lap joint flange is that the bolt holes can be aligned with the matching flange after the welds have been completed.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
How False Eyelashes Have Become a Must-Have, Everyday Accessory And a Booming Market
Описание: How False Eyelashes Have Become a Must-Have, Everyday Accessory And a Booming Market Celebrities sporting lush eyelashes have always been in vogue, but now false eyelashes have gone from special-occasion adornment to a must-have, everyday accessory. With demand soaring, the market for false eyelashes is booming and is projected to reach more than $1.5 billion in the next five years in product alone.Salon owners and makeup artists spoke to ABC News' "Nightline" about their growing industry as well as the different kinds of false eyelashes in the market and gave a demo of the process. Tirzah Shirai started Blink Bar, an eyelash-extension specialized salon in Los Angeles, to cash in on the booming market."I just couldn't find anyone in L.A. that was doing eyelash extensions that looked really natural and didn't damage the lashes and would look good on camera," she told "Nightline." "I really saw a need." With a seemingly endless list of options -- from "Coquette" and "Temptress" to "Vixen" -- Shirai said her salon stocked more than 300 types of different eyelashes."One big thing is customization," she said. "We really take a different approach to really bring out and enhance the natural beauty that every woman possesses." When a customer is getting an eyelash extension done, the style is chosen first, followed by the material, Shirai said.Synthetic lashes are considered to be for beginners. Hollow, feather lashes are known for being light and weightless. Matte lashes, Shirai said, are also popular. "We have a lot of models who come in, who shoot all over the world, and they'll use the matte lash because the photo shoot that they're doing that day may not call for any makeup at all. And so, the matte really looks like it's your own natural lashes," she said.The entire process takes about two hours and costs between $120 and $350. Instead of relying on traditional advertising, Shirai uses social-media influencers to promote the brand. "It is so worth it because when I want to go outside and not wear any makeup, boom, my lashes are there. So it's like my number-one accessory right off the bat," said Alexis Joy, a social-media influencer for Blink Bar. "The first time that I got lashes was life-changing for me," she said, as she got the "Cat Eye" lashes at the salon. "We live in a social-media-driven environment these days. I think everybody wants to look good for those selfies," said Sephora makeup artist Jeffery English. "I think that they're not necessarily a trend, maybe the new standard."English showed "Nightline" his so-called "Wall O' Lashes," an array of temporary eyelash options as he gave a step-by-step demonstration. What is the Difference Between Strip Lashes, Cluster Lashes, and Lash Extensions? Strip Lashes Strip lashes are a pre-made band of lashes that are applied with a removable adhesive. lash extensionsThese are worn for a special occasion or during the day but are not to be slept in. Strip lashes are meant to be an enhancement that can get applied every day, but also must be removed every day. They can range in volume and length depending on the desired look and material they are made with.lash extensions Cluster LashesCluster lashes are little sections of a strip lash or a group of lashes that are glued together in a cluster with a thick base. These can give you more of a natural look compared to strip lashes but are still very heavy to the eyes. These also should not be worn for more than a day and should not be slept in. Be cautious: some salons will advertise they do lash extensions but will glue cluster lashes to their clients using unsafe adhesives. At Skin Renew Day Spa, we have our clients’ health and best interest in mind. Only the best professional-grade lashes and adhesives are used by our lash technician. Lash Extensions Lash extensions are where a professional adheres one extension or a bouquet of extensions to one natural lash. Lash Extension Sets lash extensions Our technician uses two sets of tweezers, one set will isolate one natural lash, and the other will grab an extension or a bouquet. Then at a precise angle, the extension will be dipped into the adhesive and applied to that one natural lash. At no point during this service will the client feel anything or be in pain. Lash extension sets are completely customizable and created at the moment. The Power Of Well-Designed Eyelash Packaging Box The role of wholesale custom eyelash packaging box in marketing is widely acknowledged, well supported, and commonly used as the core part of every cosmetics brand's marketing and packaging strategy. The Packaging Republic's dedicated team of packaging experts suggests that the tangible and symbolic role of eyelash boxes' design at the point of purchase makes it perhaps an essential element in the marketing mix. The importance of packaging boxes in branding and marketing has been supported by every brand belonging to every industry. It has been noticed that an attractive package design can influence the consumers in three ways: increased shelf impact and visibility, enhanced product perceptions and brand impressions, and greater functionality and satisfaction after use. Greater Product Visibility – First, greater visibility helps ensure that products enter the consumer's consideration set and drives impulse purchases. Elements that have been found to create greater visibility include graphics and color, as well as the design and shape of wholesale custom eyelash packaging box. Enhanced Product Perceptions and Brand's Image – Second, preference begins with visual perceptions. Various packaging experts suggest that prospective consumers translate the appearance of a product such as the eyelashes encased in an eyelash packaging box into an “inference about a reality not expressed.” Visual perceptions of graphically enhanced package designs can elevate consumer perceptions of taste, quality, and product performance. Attractive and appealing wholesale eyelash boxes also increase the likelihood that consumers will buy the eyelashes. Visual perceptions of wholesale eyelash boxes' design also provide a link to the brand's heritage, impression, positioning, imagery, and core values. Greater Functionality of Custom Eyelash Boxes – Third, the eyelash packaging box design provides functional benefits that can lead to an improved consumer experience, increased customer satisfaction, and stronger brand. preference and loyalty. Many renowned packaging experts have interlinked consumer satisfaction with custom eyelash boxes at the point of purchase. They call it the first moment of truth. Customer satisfaction has been distinguished as the second moment of truth. It occurs when the consumers use the product. The companies, brands, and sellers are suggested to concern themselves not only with the first moment of truth during product selection but also the second moment of truth during product usage while designing the custom eyelash boxes. At the first moment of truth, the design of customized packaging boxes must attract consumers' attention in a cluttered, competitive environment. At the second moment of truth, the packaging box must accommodate the use, handling, and actual consumption of the encased product after the purchase has been made. It is believed that the packaging box can lead to an improved user experience, increased consumer satisfaction, and stronger brand preference and loyalty. |Read more the general time. Finding the Packaging Partner Your customized eyelash boxes must be optimally designed to enhance consumer acceptance, elevate product perception, and uplift your brand image. This can only be achieved by choosing an experienced and dedicated packaging partner. The packaging industry is filled with packaging solutions providers making false claims. In order to uplift your brand image, you must choose the right packaging solutions provider having a flawless reputation in delivering impeccable packaging solutions on time. Remember, choosing the wrong packaging partner can lead to devastating results. Therefore, do your research thoroughly to get attractively designed eyelash boxes. Lash Extensions 101: The Eyelash Adhesive Move over falsies, the era of false lashes has ended and it's officially the decade of the lash extension! Lash extensions have garnered popularity over recent years as a convenient and long-lasting alternative to false lashes. Through professional application, women can enjoy the length, volume, and curl that false lashes afford without the everyday hassle of reapplying lash strips. Lash extensions can last anywhere from 4-5 weeks without retouches, but the staying power of your lashes really depends on the type of lash adhesive that your technician uses. Continue reading to learn everything you need to know about lash adhesive so your next set is your best set yet. What is Lash Extension Glue? Eyelash extension glue is the key factor used to attach a lash extension to a person's natural eyelashes in the lash application process. While it may seem that any adhesive can be used to achieve this, using the incorrect type of glue could wreak havoc on your natural lashes. Low-quality adhesives can make your extensions uncomfortable, flaky, and can cause pain and discomfort. Because lash extensions can be pricey and are a true investment into your beauty regimen, it's important that the adhesive your technician uses is of the highest quality so that you're left with the natural-looking lashes you've always dreamed of. The main ingredient in all lash adhesives is cyanoacrylate, a fast-drying, glue-like chemical bonding agent. This compound is made from cyanide and acrylate, which both sound like things you definitely shouldn't put near your eye, but stay with me here. Cyanide is a carbon atom that is triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. On its own, cyanide can be extremely dangerous, but it is necessary as a thickening agent for adhesives. Once the adhesive is fully processed and manufactured, the cyanide is completely neutralized and isn't found in the final product at all. Acrylate is a conjugate base of acrylic acid. Acrylic acid is an organic acid that quickly hardens or thickens when exposed to air which aids in the fast-drying component of professional lash adhesives. Adhesion Strength Unlike traditional false lashes, lash extensions are intended to last anywhere from 4-8 weeks. Because of this, the lash adhesive used needs to be much stronger in order to keep your natural lashes attached to the extensions for long periods of time. This is where methyl methacrylate comes in handy. Methyl methacrylate is a monomer made of methyl (a single carbon atom) and acrylate, the organic acid found in cyanoacrylate that causes the adhesive to harden. When this compound is polymerized and used in conjunction with cyanoacrylate it acts as a reinforcer that strengthens the adhesive's bond.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
Single Vision Stock / Grind
Описание: Single Vision Stock / Grind Single vision lenses are those that have the same focal power throughout the lens. They can be used to treat short-sightedness, far-sightedness or astigmatism. The conventional stock lenses provide sharp view at the center of the lens, with some distortion in the peripheral areas. The lenses are fitted to the particular wearer and optimised for clear vision. Stock lenses are available in restricted power range only and are limited to frame sizes. While these lenses can be ideal for people that are short-sighted (minus powers), we recommend grind lenses for people that are long-sighted (especially high plus powers), that result in a thinner and lighter product. Grind lenses are made with advanced optical design technology and are specially surfaced to the correct thickness for the dimensions of the frame. These lenses provide sharp view and minimal distortion in the peripheral areas. There are different lens technologies available to grind single vision lenses. Besides the standard grind lenses, CR Surfacing offers Digital and Digital Accuracy lens designs, that take single vision performance to the next level. For general purpose, everyday wear, we recommend using Satin UV Anti-Reflecting Coating. Our Satin UV Anti-reflective coating is developed to improve vision by reducing glare, eliminate eyestrain by enhanced visual performance, protect your eye health by blocking UV rays, and enhance cosmetic appearance by cancelling out reflections on the lens surface. This coating also helps extend the life of the lenses. The Satin UV coating consists of layers specially formulated to create a scratch-resistant, water and dust repellent coat, making the lenses last longer. An ideal solution for everyday use, no matter the environment. If you spend a lot of time on computers or digital devices, to give your eyes as much comfort as possible, we recommend to pair these lenses with Satin Blue coating. CR Surfacing’s special anti-reflective Satin Blue coating filters out harmful blue light coming from digital surfaces, as well as natural and artificial lights. Approximately one third of all visible light is blue light, a high-energy light that has a number of biological effects, including on the eye. Blue light penetrates all the way to the retina and can damage the light-sensitive cells and can increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Although not all blue light is bad, as it helps boost alertness, memory and cognitive function, the harmful wavelengths can be filtered out with Satin Blue coating, providing maximum comfort, enhanced visual performance and protection for your eyes. Progressive lenses and the advantages of having them Progressive lenses are no-line multifocal eyeglass lenses that look exactly the same as single vision lenses. In other words, progressive lenses will help you see clearly at all distances without those annoying (and age-defining) "bifocal lines" that are visible bifocals and trifocals. Progressive lenses are line-free multifocals that have a seamless progression of added magnifying power for intermediate and near vision. The power of progressive lenses changes gradually from point to point on the lens surface, providing the correct lens power for seeing objects clearly at virtually any distance. Bifocals, on the other hand, have only two lens powers — one for seeing distant objects clearly and a second power in the lower half of the lens for seeing clearly at a specified reading distance. The junction between these distinctly different power zones is defined by a visible "bifocal line" that cuts across the center of the lens. Progressive lenses sometimes are called "no-line bifocals" because they don't have this visible bifocal line. They have a significantly more advanced multifocal design than bifocals or trifocals. Most people start needing multifocal eyeglasses sometime after age 40. This is when a normal aging change in the eye called presbyopia reduces our ability to see close objects clearly. Progressive lenses also are the lens of choice for anyone who needs corrective lenses to see distant objects clearly (due to nearsightedness, farsightedness and/or astigmatism) and for those who are presbyopic. For anyone with presbyopia, progressive lenses have significant visual and cosmetic benefits compared with traditional bifocals and trifocals. As already mentioned, bifocals have just two powers — one (in the top half of the lens) for distance vision, and a second (in the lower half of the lens) for near vision. Trifocals go one step further — they have a third power for seeing objects clearly at arm's length. This "intermediate" power of a trifocal lens is located in a thin horizontal zone between the distance and near power zones. Progressive lenses, on the other hand, have many more lens powers than bifocals or trifocals, and there's a gradual change in power from point to point across the surface of the lens. The multifocal design of progressive lenses offers these benefits: It provides clear vision at all distances (rather than at just two or three distinct viewing distances). It eliminates "image jump" caused by bifocals and trifocals. This is where objects abruptly change in clarity and apparent position when your eyes move across the visible lines in these lenses.Because there are no visible "bifocal lines" in progressive lenses, they give you a more youthful appearance than bifocals or trifocals. (This may be the reason why today more people wear progressive lenses than the bifocal and trifocals combined.) A professional optician can help you select the best progressive lens brand and design for your eyeglass prescription and your unique visual needs. Your optician can also give you helpful tips on how to quickly become accustomed to wearing your new progressive lenses and how to care for your eyeglasses to continue seeing clearly. Also, for the best clarity, comfort and protection in all lighting, ask your optician about adding anti-reflective coating and photochromic lens treatment to your new progressive lenses. Ready to start seeing better? It starts with an eye exam to update your prescription and then a visit to your eyewear retailer or shopping for glasses online. Check These Pros and Cons of Using Blue Cut Lenses Before Buying What are Anti-Glare Glasses and Why You Should Invest in Them? The benefits of blue light blocking glasses are numerous and varied. However, there are also a few blue cut lenses disadvantages. So let's first start by knowing what blue cut lenses are? Digital screens like computers, smartphones, TV and interior lighting with LEDs emit blue light, which your eyes now absorb in excess. These blue lights are harmful to your eyes, thus creating a need to own a pair of blue light glasses. You can find the best blue light blocking glasses at Titan Eyeplus to ensure your eyes remain protected at all times. There are several health-related effects of blue light emitted from screens, such as: ? During the day, you may experience visual tiredness; ? At the end of the day, you'll have headaches;? Having trouble falling asleep and having sleepless nights; ? Retinal degeneration is more likely.? Increased vulnerability post-cataract surgery. Blue cut lenses block 40% of this hazardous light thanks to a filter added to these glasses. This filtration is more than enough to restore proper blue light levels reducing adverse effects. Wearing blue light filter glasses protects your eyes as well as your health! What are photochromic lenses made of? Photochromic lenses are made of molecules composed of trace amounts of silver chloride (the same chemical compounds used to develop film). When this silver chloride is exposed to ultraviolet light, the molecules become silver metal, allowing the lenses to absorb visible light and turn darker in the process. Unlike film exposure, photochromic lenses are also made with copper chloride, which strips the silver of its chloride electron. This allows the lenses to return to their original, non-absorbing state in the absence of ultraviolet light. More modern photochromic lenses often contain organic molecules called naphthopyrans instead of silver chloride. Naphthopyrans change their molecular structure when ultraviolet light strikes them, making the lenses darken. The difference between photochromic and Transitions lenses The difference between photochromic lenses and Transitions lenses is that Transitions is a brand of photochromic lenses — one of several brands. Photochromic lenses are also often referred to as transition lenses (lowercase t), hence the understandable confusion. Let's take a closer look at the differences: Photochromic lenses Traditional photochromic lenses are made of plastic, glass or polycarbonate and change from transparent lenses to darker lenses when exposed to sunlight. There are several terms used to describe photochromic lenses, including light-adaptive, light intelligent, variable tint and transition lenses. Photochromic lenses are available in virtually all lens materials and in a variety of tints made for general-purpose lenses as well as contact lenses. Some sunglasses manufacturers even make tinted lenses that go from dark to darker shades rather than from clear to dark. Transitions lenses Transitions lenses are the most popular brand of photochromic eyeglass lenses sold in the United States. So some eye care practitioners even use the term "transition lenses" interchangeably with photochromic lenses (much like cotton swabs are almost universally known as Q-tips). Transitions Gen 8 lenses, introduced in the U.S. in 2019, are the fastest light-adaptive Transitions lenses available.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
Simple Science: The Difference Between Soap and Detergent
Описание: Simple Science: The Difference Between Soap and Detergent American consumers often use the words “soap” and “detergent” interchangeably, but in reality there are significant differences between these two types of cleaners. A Brief History The earliest evidence of soap can be traced back to 2800 B.C., where historians believe it was used by the ancient Babylonians. Soap making is mentioned in ancient Roman documents written as early as 70 A.D. Fast forward to Medieval Europe where soap making is an established craft with centers in France, Spain and Italy. During that time the use of soap was a luxury enjoyed mainly by those who could afford it. Manufactured bar soaps weren’t available until the late 18th century in Europe and the U.S. Widespread use of soap during this period can be attributed to advertising campaigns touting the relationship between good personal hygiene and health. Detergents entered the picture about 1916 when World War 1 soap ingredient shortages encouraged manufacturers to develop synthetic cleaners to meet demand. By the 1950s detergents had overtaken traditional soap products in homes across America. Today, detergents are used for laundering, dishwashing and many other types of cleaning. The ChemistrySoaps are made from natural ingredients, such as plant oils (coconut, vegetable, palm, pine) or acids derived from animal fat. Detergents, on the other hand, are synthetic, man-made derivatives. While soap is limited in its applications, detergents can be formulated to include other ingredients for all sorts of cleaning purposes. Perhaps the most common and versatile of these ingredients are surfactants … surface active agents. About Surfactants Surfactants aid in cleaning because they reduce surface tension and improve water's ability to spread evenly over it. This creates a more uniform wetness that makes dirt and soil easier to wipe away and remove. Surfactant molecules can also have either a positive or negative charge, with one end attracted to water and the other end attracted to dirt and grease. This helps detergents attach to dirt, break it up and let water wash it away. Most cleaning products today are detergents. One of the biggest reasons for this is the way soap reacts with water. While detergents are free-rinsing (meaning they don’t leave a residue), soap needs a clear water wash after application or it will leave a film.Hard water is the enemy of soap. In hard water conditions soaps form scum. Soap scum affects more than just cleanliness; it can deteriorate fabrics and eventually ruin clothing or other surfaces. Conversely, detergents can work in any level of water hardness since they react less to the many minerals in hard water. Finally, soaps need warm water to work at all. Detergents, on the other hand, can be built to perform well in any water temperature. This versatility enables detergents to be used in everything from shampoo to laundry liquid to hand cleansers and stain removers. Powder Detergent Pros: Less messy than liquid detergent Tends to be cheaper per load than liquid or pods Generally more shelf-stable than liquid or pods, so it will last longer Has more eco-friendly packaging Amount of powder used per load is customizable Lightweight compared to liquid detergents Works well on heavily soiled clothes, such as sports uniforms Cons:Some powder detergents have trouble dissolving in colder water, which can leave residue on clothesCan be used for pretreating clothes, but you need to make a paste or dissolve it first, adding an additional step to your laundry routine Needs to be kept dry Messier than pods Best for Powder detergent is a smart pick for extra-dirty loads, says Mary Gagliardi, aka “Dr. Laundry,” Clorox's in-house scientist and cleaning expert. “Powder detergent is usually formulated at a higher pH, which can optimize cleaning of heavily soiled work clothes and sports uniforms,” she says. Laura Johnson, a research and development expert with the LG Electronics home appliances lab, points to money- and environment-saving benefits. “Powder detergent is best for consumers who are looking for eco-friendlier packaging,” she says. “It’s also a better budget option for consumers.” Dishwasher Liquid vs. Dishwasher Detergent Clean Dishes Not only should you know the difference between dish soap and dishwashing detergent, you might also be interested in learning the difference between dishwasher liquid and dishwasher detergent. Dishwasher liquid is usually better able to mix with water, which can affect how wide the liquid can spread inside of your dishwasher. Dishwashing detergent doesn't dissolve as well in water, which is why it's often best that you use it with warm water. What this all boils down to is that the same amount of dishwasher liquid will need to be used in order to get the same cleaning ability as a dishwasher detergent. Another difference between dishwasher liquids and detergents is that liquids can sometimes stick to the inside of your dishwasher. You might notice signs of corrosion inside of your dishwasher if there is residue from dishwasher liquid inside of it. While these corrosion deposits are easy to scrape off, they aren't always so easy to find. Now that you better understand the difference between dishwasher detergent and dish soap, make sure that you use caution the next time you reach for that random bottle with the sparking glass on it while washing dishes in the sink or in the dishwasher. Which Cleans Better? Liquid vs. Powder DetergentIt's a dirty job, but somebody's got to do it! And if you're the one on laundry duty, you'll want some serious detergent to get those soiled clothes clean. With the help of water, and the rotation of the washer's inner drum (in a front-load machine) or spindle-like agitator (in a top-load machine), detergent lifts dirt, stains, and odors away. But when it comes to cost, convenience, and cleaning power, not all detergents are equal. The two main types, powder and liquid, are suitable for use in standard or high-efficiency top-load or front-load washers at any water temperature. So which should you choose? Ahead, we break down their differences with six key comparisons—liquid vs. powder detergent—to help you decide which is best for your family's laundry. Powder detergent is more effective on mud stains; liquid detergent is better on grease stains. Alkylbenzene sulfonate, the main surfactant (cleaning agent) in powder detergents such as Tide Original HE Turbo Powder ($12.95 per 95 oz. on Amazon), is generally more effective in lifting mud, grass, and bloodstains, which makes powder a great option for garden and athletic attire. In contrast, the alcohol ethoxylates in liquid detergents like Persil ProClean Power Original Liquid Detergent ($17.99 per 75 oz. on Amazon) easily break down grease stains from cooking oil to car grease, making liquid detergents a top choice for everyday wear. 3 Reliable Methods of Medical Sterilization 1. Plasma Gas Sterilizers Plasma sterilization utilizes low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma within a chamber to kill all living microorganisms on medical and dental equipment, including bacteria, spores, viruses, and fungi. When vaporized hydrogen peroxide is added to the chamber, equipment within the enclosure becomes sterile. Once the vapor is removed from the chamber, a low temperature plasma is produced, ensuring complete sterilization for all tools. The remnants of this process are water and oxygen, making operations safe for both medical staff and the environment. Although plasma sterilization is a more expensive method, it's highly effective and ideal for moisture sensitive medical tools. 2. Autoclaves bigstock-Intensive-Care-Unit-With-Monit-38340688-1-3 An autoclave is a large, steel vessel or chamber that circulates steam at high temperature and pressure to sterilize various items, or as part of an industrial process. Industrial autoclave processes may include rubber vulcanization, composite parts processing, and structural adhesive bonding. Autoclaves are one of the most economical methods of sterilization, while still having a short cycle time. 3. Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Sterilizers Similar to plasma sterilization, vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) sterilizers also utilize hydrogen peroxide vapor, but plasma gas isn't used within the process. VHP sterilizers remove humidity from an enclosure and hydrogen peroxide vapor is rapidly injected by a generator to reach an effective concentration to sterilize equipment. These vapors effectively remove micro-organisms that may be present, sterilizing the enclosure. The generator then reverses the process, breaking down the hydrogen peroxide vapor into environmentally friendly elements. This method has one of the lowest cycle times, resulting in the ability to sterilize equipment in high volume batches. In order to be effective, all three methods require precise control of pressure at each step within the sterilization process. Without control of pressure levels, micro-organisms can still be present in the enclosed area, resulting in unsterile equipment. Pressure transducers provide accurate measurements of pressure, enabling all three methods to be highly effective. Since each method has unique processes for sterilization, there are many considerations to keep in mind for selecting the right pressure transducer.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
Benefits of OEM Volvo Parts
Описание: Benefits of OEM Volvo Parts OEM Volvo Parts: Making a Smart Investment in Your Vehicle When you buy a new Volvo, you're not just buying a car. You're buying pragmatic design, premium materials, and precise engineering. You'll want to preserve that quality throughout your car's life, and one of the best ways to do that is to use genuine OEM Volvo parts for all service and repairs. Volvo's proprietary OEM parts and accessories are designed and built with the same dedication to quality as its cars. From model-specific batteries and brake pads to practical interior and exterior add-ons, these components serve a wide array of needs. And every one of them is held to high standards for durability, fit, and appearance. There are quite a few reasons to pick OEM parts for your Volvo, but it breaks down to one simple idea: it's one of the best ways to help your vehicle reach its peak potential. Designed for a Perfect FitFirst and foremost, Volvo designs its OEM parts to fit perfectly into their designated models. There's no wiggle room or grey area -- each part is engineered for a seamless integration into the systems of a specific Volvo model. Replacement parts are built to the exact specs as the original factory components, while add-on accessories are designed to fit in flawlessly. The result is parts and accessories that work well with the vehicle as a whole. Engineered for the Long RoadYou may be able to find some lower prices with off-brand parts, but you'll likely make up for the cost with diminished quality. Volvo OEM parts, on the other hand, are built without compromise to durability. They're meant to last longer and perform better than any of the aftermarket or off-brand alternatives. Compliant with Your WarrantyIf your Volvo is still within its warranty period, you'll want to keep using OEM parts for the duration of coverage. Using certain off-brand components can end up voiding your warranty, since they don't adhere to Volvo's own standards for quality. Bring your car to a Volvo service center near Troy or Royal Oak and the staff will make sure quality OEM parts are installed. That way, you can rest easy knowing your warranty coverage is intact. Order OEM Parts from Suburban Volvo CarsNext time your Volvo needs replacement parts or you're looking to install accessories, you know who to call. Suburban Volvo Cars serves drivers near Southfield and Warrant with a wealth of components, from brake pads to batteries and more. We're one of the states foremost providers of OEM Volvo parts of all kinds. We can help you find good prices, as well. Our parts department is always running parts specials and discounts on a wide variety of popular parts. When you're ready to buy, you can submit your request online. We'll pull the parts and have them ready for pickup at our location. If you need help with installation, we can schedule a service appointment with our in-house Volvo service center near Sterling Heights and Detroit, MI. How Do Water Tanks Work? Water tanks provide real water conservation benefits, for both people and the environment. They play an important role in preserving precious water, especially rainwater. However many still ask, how do water tanks work? Water tanks come in different sizes, shapes and types, but all the different tanks have certain similarities in how they work. People need lots of water every day for essential purposes like drinking and cleaning – but there is only a certain amount of water available. Sometimes water gets even scarcer, like when there is a drought and water restrictions come into effect. Rain water harvesting can ensure that people have water to meet their daily needs, and water tanks are an essential part of this. A water harvesting system can be installed in a house. When it rains the roof of the house becomes the water catchment area. The gutters on the roof funnel rainwater into the pipes, which connect the gutters to the water tanks. The water is then transported via pipes to the water tanks installed above or below the ground. The captured rainwater is then stored to be used around the house. The water can be used for a number of purposes like cooking, washing and gardening. In urban and suburban areas where town water is available, it is not recommended to drink rainwater. In rural areas it may be possible to drink harvested rainwater, but you will need to install a filtration system to do so. Water tanks may also play a role in storing water that is supplied by local authorities. Every home would benefit from having a water tank installed that is large enough to sustain the home for a considerable period of time, even if rain is scarce or the water supply from the local authorities stops. Depending on the property, a water tank can either be placed on the ground, below or even be elevated above the ground on a stand or platform. Above ground round polyethylene tanks are often the most cost effective option. How Mud Flaps Benefit Your Vehicle Mud Flaps – They Are Not Just for Aesthetic Purposes Work trucks entering the highway are many times the culprits responsible for leaving for gravel, mud and dirt caked onto the road. Not only can hitting these road debris fields affect your car, but it can have damaging effects to other cars around you. Whether you have a truck, van or SUV, adding Mud Flaps can help save you from irritating dings and dents to your vehicle. How Mud Flaps Benefit Your Vehicle Mud Flaps protect your vehicle by safely deflecting road debris away from the fender wells. Your tires are in constant contact with a long list of obstacles ranging from muddy water to thick tar on a daily basis. Fender wells are made to contain these elements, but need some additional help. Since your fender wells do not extend down behind the tires, debris can still be thrown to damage cars behind you and directly affect your vehicle with damage. When you install Mud Flaps, an additional barrier is created between the wheel well and the tire. Once the paint around your fender is penetrated, the potential of rust forming on the bare steel is quite real. The various road chemicals, oil, and dirt now have a place to adhere. The unsightly dents from rocks and paint chips could leave your car at the local body shop with costly repairs. In their simplest form, Splash Guards also keep the exterior of your vehicle looking cleaner by limiting water splatter. Dee Zee offers several styles of cost effective Mud Flaps to keep you safely on track to your next destination. You can make sure the design fits your lifestyle for worry free driving. Car Grille: What Are Its Functions? A car grille is a protective metal or plastic latticework or grating located on the front of your vehicle between both headlights. It is one of the auto parts that complete the face of a car. Sometimes, the grille bears the logo of the manufacturer. Most people see the car grille as just an aesthetic feature to enhance the vehicle's appearance. In reality, it does that and more. I'll try to bring this underrated accessory to limelight by stating three essential functions it performs. Just before I jump into it, there's a common misconception over whether it is grill or grille. It's grille (with an e). We're not in the kitchen, alright? (wink) What Are the Functions of a Car Grille? 1. Help in air circulation The grille covers the car’s front end yet allows air to get through its gaps. So, while it protects the engine from road debris, its ultimate function is help air circulation to the engine room. Air that’s allowed through the grille helps cool the moving components under the hood. Isn't that what a radiator is for, you may wonder? In fact, it is. But the car grille performs an essential supportive role. The air that comes through the grille cools the temperature of the water in the radiator to avoid overheating. In short, the grille enables the radiator to perform optimally. 2. Aid aerodynamics and performance The car grille’s design is often integrated into a vehicle's aerodynamics, which enhances the car's performance. Without an opening, air resistance would build-up against a car and impact on its speed. With a grille present, and one designed to optimally aid aerodynamics, air shifts smoothly through the grille, the side, and top of the vehicle, lessening the impact of air resistance significantly. Some automakers have even adopted a technology that automatically opens and closes the grille’s cavity as needed by the engine. 3. Improve aesthetics The aesthetic benefit is undoubtedly the most apparent function of a car grille, although not the most important. Since we all care about beauty, it’s a function worthy of being mentioned. Virtually all car brands treat the grille as a part of the brand’s identity. Grilles are so unique and distinctive in their appearance that you can tell an approaching car by its grille. You’ve noticed too, right? Some auto manufacturers deliberately maintain the design of their grille because, over time, it has become an iconic thing for the brand. Others modify the car grille design more frequently but have the grilles carry their logo as part of their brand design. BMW, for instance, has had the same twin-oval design for several years, although she often revises them slightly for a new look. Consider Volvo too, for instance. Relative to other brands, she changes her grille design pretty often. But the grille still always has the brand logo or signature as an emblem. Is It Okay to Drive Without a Grille? Despite the advancements in engineering and technology, it is still impossible to have an internal combustion engine vehicle without a grille. The aesthetic and aerodynamics features could be overlooked. Without air passage, the cooling system won't function at optimal capacity. Without a grating to cover air passage, you will put the vehicle at risk. But what if your car's grille was removed for whatever reason, and you needed to hastily drive your car without it? In emergency cases, you may drive without car grille, because its absence does not block the air passage. That's not to say that it's okay, because it's not advisable. You'll need to check with transport laws if you're allowed to drive without car grille. Also, with an unprotected front end, your car's radiator and engine will be exposed to debris and wind. With the future rolling more and more toward electric cars—which have no need or less need for air cooling— we may be seeing more grille-less cars. And if we did see them, it'd be mostly for design purposes.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
Massage Chair Benefits That You Cannot Overlook
Описание: Massage Chair Benefits That You Cannot Overlook Today, we will be providing you with a long list of benefits that it brings into your life!Protects from InjuryThe process of tension release from muscles is very important for maintaining a consistent fitness level. It is important for us to ensure no harm comes to our body from our daily lives. Whether you are involved in intense physical activity (work related or otherwise) or a regular day job, the process of mitigating lasting damage in muscles and bones is important for us all. Massage Chairs deliver us exactly that- helping limbs and body parts free up tension, giving attention to sore areas and allowing greater movement to the individual. The immediate satisfaction one receives from the device is one of its most celebrated points of interest. Lightens the Mood With the daily pace of life taking its toll on our mental capacities, there is a constant amount of stress and pressure upon individuals that only increases as time goes on, if left unchecked. The process of getting a massage is always a deeply satisfying and pleasurable experience, if done right. The technology that fuels the innovation accounts for the long-lasting impacts a good massage can have on your mental well-being. Whether it is mental unease due to work-related or private reasons, a Massage Chair will hardly ever fail to help you create endorphins and serotonin in your brain. Cited as a stress and anxiety buster, it has the means to help an individual take charge of their own life by helping them mitigate the negative side-effects of daily life. The act of stimulating muscles generates a fair amount of heat, so it is expected that Massage Chairs warm your body up. This has a positive effect on your skin, which begins to become more active both during and after a session. This acts as a stimulant for the skin to loosen pores, enabling easier cleaning and naturally healthier skin due to presence of lesser impurities. The release of toxins and impurities as a result of sweating is highly beneficial and results in a healthier body from within. Moreover, the regeneration rate of cells is greatly increased, offering higher healing potential from scratches, bruises and cuts anywhere on the body. Cell regeneration is a sign of well-being, and massage chairs can greatly improve it. Better Breathing Our lung capacity is often variable due to the effect that our lifestyles can have upon body. When muscles begin to contract around the lungs usually due to improper posture, the lungs begin to contract in size to adjust themselves in your chest's cavity. In order to compensate, your body takes in shorter, faster breaths, thereby reducing lung capacity. With the help of massage chairs, the muscles around your lungs and back can relax, enabling your lungs to fill into your chest cavity properly. This enables you to take in significantly more air than you have been lately. This positively impacts your endurance and attentiveness, alongside relieving stress and anxiety caused by the lung contraction process. You can rejuvenate your bodily steadily, in a controlled fashion with Massage Chairs at home or at a therapy session. What Makes a Massage Chair “3D”? 2D massage technology features rollers that travel up and down, from your neck to your mid to lower back. This technology is beneficial for physical and mental health, but 3D technology takes it even further. The rollers in a 3D massage chair travel up and down, left and right and in and out, and can press into your back — just like a massage therapist would. Since the rollers are able to push in and out, you can adjust the intensity of your massage. This makes 3D massage chairs perfect for homes with multiple users who all have varying intensity preferences. How to differentiate between 2D, 3D and 4D Massage Chairs When looking for a suitable massage chair, you will come across the terms 2D, 3D and 4D Massage chairs. These terms might seem a bit confusing especially for a first time buyer who is yet to interact with massage chairs. If you are as confused as this buyer, then this read will greatly benefit you. I believe that by the end of this blog, all your questions will be answered and it will become much easier for you to choose the right massage chair according to your needs.2D Massage Chairs 2D rollers were the standard before the advancement to 3D rollers and now 4D rollers. When thinking about a 2D massage chair, imagine a traditional back roller massage.These massage rollers move in two dimensions, that is, up and down or side to side. This means that the movement is from your neck down to your lower back or across. Although this movement may seem basic, it is effective, feels great and provides much of the benefits of a massage. With 2D Massage chairs you get; alleviation of back pain, easing of sore muscles, stress relief and overall improvement of your health. However, it is important to note that 2D rollers only work on surface muscles. If you are looking for an exceptionally deep massage then the 3D and 4D massage chairs will be more suitable. 3D Massage Chairs 3D rollers create a more realistic massage experience; they take everything the 2D rollers do to the next level and top them with more features. Unlike the 2D rollers that only move up and down or side to side, 3D rollers provide a 3rd dimension of massage. They can move left and right, up and down, and in and out. They can protrude further out from the track and reach places that are typically neglected by the average chair, including the upper neck and shoulder area. These movements help the rollers feel more like a human masseuse and give deep massages. Other than that, 3D Massage Chairs allow you to adjust the intensity of the massage according to your needs and preferences. This is especially helpful for those who intend to get a massage chair to be used by multiple users. 4D Massage Chairs Now that you have gotten a gist of what 2D and 3D massage chairs are, let us get into 4D massage chairs. 4D massage chairs are a lot like the 3D models. The biggest difference between the two is that with 4D massage chairs, the rollers can speed up or slow down automatically so as to concentrate on specific tense muscles. Additionally, 4D massage chairs use 4D rollers which ensure deeper tissue massages. Apart from that, 4D massage chairs give users more control. This means that users can customize their massage sessions without any hustle, and this is made possible by the variety of strength adjustments offered by these massage chairs. There's a lot to consider when you're shopping for a massage chair — What do you want your massage chair to do for you? What's your budget? Where will it live? A high quality massage chair is an important investment, and one that shouldn't be made without some important considerations. Here are 12 key things to look for when buying a massage chair. 1.) Massage FunctionsLow-end massage chairs usually offer little more than simple vibration and rolling massage. On the other hand, high-end massage chairs offer a wide variety of features to help put you at ease. These features often include, but certainly are not limited to: All-inclusive menu of pre-programmed functions 2D (basic), 3D (adjustable) & 4D (variable) roller intensity Heat therapy Kneading Reflexology Rolling Shiatsu Sound therapy Space-saving design Tapping Vibration Zero gravity & inversion therapyOf course, the number and quality of these functions will affect the cost of the massage chair — but prioritizing your long-term health is worth the investment! 2.) Price First-time massage chair shoppers might be taken aback when they see the prices of quality massage chairs. It helps to have some context so you don't abandon the search altogether. A premium massage chair, even with the most standard of functions, can cost anywhere from $1,500 to $12,000, with most models sitting somewhere between $3,000 and $7,000. Lots of factors will determine cost, including number of functions, technology, customizability and upholstery, but a good rule of thumb is to pass by chairs that cost less than $1,000 full-price. Related reading: How Much Should You Spend on a Massage Chair? The Truth Behind the PriceThe most important thing to remember regarding cost is that a massage chair is much more economical than regular visits to a masseuse, not to mention it's more convenient. Regular massage chair use, if enjoyed properly, can also result in long term health benefits that are tough to put a price tag on. 3.) Massage AreasIn addition to offering various massage styles, all luxury massage chairs can target areas besides your back. Many full body massage chairs offer a leg and foot massage function, and some chairs can even target the arms and hands. These targeted massage options are usually delivered by air bags, massage heads or rollers spread throughout the chair. Advanced massage chairs can also feature a thumb-like massage head to mimic the therapeutic benefits of a trip to a masseuse. Manage Lower Back Pain According to the American Chiropractic Association, lower back pain is the single leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately one in ten people have it, and for many who develop back pain, it becomes a chronic condition. A recent study found that massage may provide lasting relief for chronic lower back pain, according to research published in the journal Pain Medicine. Researchers looked at 104 people with persistent back pain who were referred by their doctors to licensed massage therapists. They went to 10 sessions over 12 weeks, and the practitioners were free to design massage programs that were individual to the patients, rather than all using the same technique. Most subjects completed a questionnaire, and more than 50% reported clinically meaningful improvement in their back pain. Several people even dropped below the threshold for disability according to lead author Niki Munk, an assistant professor of health sciences at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Additionally, many of these improvements lasted. Three months later, with no further massage sessions, 75% of the people who reported initial improvement said they still felt better.
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22
Types of glass
Описание: Types of glass There are many different types of glass. They differ in terms of their chemical composition, the method used to produce them or their processing behaviour. Generally, they are categorised according to their chemical composition. A differentiation is made between soda-lime glass, lead glass and borosilicate glass. These three types of glass make up around 95 percent of the cullet glass used in the production process. The remaining 5 percent of glass is special-purpose glass. Soda-lime glass Soda-lime glass is the glass produced in by far the largest quantities of all mass produced glass types. As the name indicates, the main constituents in addition to sand are soda and lime. A typical soda-lime glass contains 71 to 75 percent sand (SiO2), 12 to 16 percent sodium bicarbonate (Na2O), 10 to 15 percent lime (CaO) and small quantities of other substances such as dyes. Soda-lime glass is used to make bottles, food jars, simple drinking glasses and sheet glass products. Soda-lime glass is light permeable and has a smooth, fine-pored surface, making it easy to clean. It also expands very quickly under the influence of heat so care should always be taking when putting hot water into a soda-lime glass container. Crystal glass Crystal glass looks beautiful when cut as a result of its high refraction index. It has a far higher density than soda-lime glass. In our everyday lives, we use crystal glass to make drinking glasses, vases, bowls, ashtrays and decorative ornaments. Its composition is 54 to 65 percent sand, 13 to 15 percent alkali oxide and several other oxides. Glass containing more than 18 percent lead oxide is also known as lead crystal glass. However, lead oxide is hardly used today in glass production. Crystal glass only accounts for less than 0.5 percent of total tableware glass production in Germany. Special glass
Дата Публикации: 08-03-22