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Solar LED Street Light: Why Is It So Popular?
Описание: Solar LED Street Light: Why Is It So Popular? The LED technology has significantly made the street lights more eco-friendly by reducing the amount of energy consumption. However, most of the existing street lights often face the problem of energy shortages. We can end this dependency on conventional sources of energy to power the street lights by harnessing the sun's power. Solar LED Street Lights are popular because they are designed to produce light 90% more efficiently than any other street light. The LED technology converts almost 95% of the energy into light. On the contrary, incandescent street light bulbs convert only 10% of the energy into light while 90% is wasted as heat. In addition to its efficiency, governments around the world are promoting the use of solar energy and LED technology to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on the availability of energy. How Does Solar Street Light Work? Solar street lights are never at the risk of running out of power because they’re based on the most abundant and perpetual source of energy in the world-the sun. They are designed to be compact and self-sufficient in terms of their power source. The solar panel captures the daylight energy and store it in the battery unit, which powers the street light as required when it is dark. Today, most solar-powered street lights systems are controlled by sensors. To maximize the efficiency of solar street light, we have to consider optimizing its components to reduce costs and overall energy usage. The solution is to use energy-efficient technology like LED Street Lights. How Do I Choose The Best Solar Street Light? The outdoor solar street lights come in different shapes, sizes, and capacities. There are many alternatives available in the solar LED street light market. Before you decide on the best solar street light, you should consider it in terms of quality, features, design, power consumption, durability, and the most important, customer service. The choice of a solar street light depends on the place and purpose of its application. The solar street lights requirements for household use are maybe quite different from that of businesses and communities. We have gone through several brands and products of solar LED street lights to help you with your decision. The following section includes the 10 best LED solar street lights that we picked and tested, along with their ranking and reviews. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using LED Street Lights Now in cities, street lights can be seen everywhere, and they provide convenience and safety for our life every day. After a long period of development, LED lights are now mostly used in street lights. Compared with high-pressure sodium lamps, the use of LED street light has more benefits. 1.It is a unidirectional light source, without light diffusion, ensuring light efficiency. 2.The LED street light has a unique secondary optical design, which irradiates the light of the lamp to the area that needs to be illuminated, while this further improves the light efficiency to achieve the purpose of energy saving. 3.The luminous efficiency of LED has reached 110-130lm/W, and there is still a lot of space for development, with a theoretical value of 360lm/W. The luminous efficiency of high-pressure sodium lamps increases with the increase of power. Therefore, the overall luminous efficiency of LED street lights is stronger than that of high-pressure sodium lamps. 4. The color rendering of LED street lights is much higher than the high pressure sodium lamps. The color rendering index of high pressure sodium lamps is only about 23, while the color rendering index of LED street lights is above 75. From the perspective of visual psychology, to achieve the same brightness, LED light is more than 20% lower than high pressure sodium lamp. 5. The light decay of LED light is small, it is less than 3% in a year, and it still meets the road requirements after 10 years of use, while the high-pressure sodium lamp has a large decay, which has dropped by more than 30% in about a year. Therefore, the design of the power of the LED street light can be lower than high-pressure sodium lamps. 6. The LED street light has an automatic control energy-saving device, which can achieve the greatest possible reduction in power and energy saving under the condition of meeting the lighting requirements at different times. It can realize computer dimming, time period control, light control, temperature control, automatic inspection and other humanized functions. 7. It can be used for more than 50,000 hours and provides three-year quality assurance. But the disadvantage is that the battery life cannot be guaranteed. 8.Using chips ≥100LM, LED street light can save more than 75% of energy compared with traditional high pressure sodium lamps. 9. It′s easy to install, no need to add buried cables, no rectifiers, etc., directly connect to the light pole or nest the light source into the original lampshade. 10. Excellent heat dissipation control: The temperature in summer is controlled below 45 degrees, and passive heat dissipation is adopted, and the heat dissipation in summer is insufficient. 11. Reliable quality: All circuit power supplies use high-quality components, and each LED has individual overcurrent protection, so there is no need to worry about the damage. 12. Uniform light color: No lens is added, and uniform light color is not sacrificed to improve brightness, so as to ensure uniform light color without aperture. 13. LED does not contain harmful metal mercury, and will not cause harm to the environment when it is scrapped. Types of indoor lighting After thousands of years of living with very natural forms of lighting such as moonlight, campfires and candles a massive change came in the late nineteen century. Along came Edison with his incandescent light bulb and DC electricity, and a few years later Tesla with his Alternating Current (AC) electricity. In the 1940s, fluorescent lighting took off and in the 1960s came LED lights in various colours. The white bright light LEDs are a much more recent invention, really only coming into play from 2010. This brings us to the two main types of indoor lighting when it comes to the quality of light: thermal lights and non-thermal lights. Thermal lights are made from heat. With non-thermal lighting, heat isn’t used but other technologies. Thermal lights include incandescent (that is, old school light bulbs and halogens) whereas non-thermal lights include LED and fluorescent (or any type of energy saving lights, otherwise known as CFLs). Incandescent light bulbs and halogens are therefore more akin to daylight. Not only because the light is a product of heat but the spectrum of light is also fairly similar to natural light. There are no severe peaks and troughs, the spectrum is gradual and it’s also full of colours. They primarily give off light in the yellow, orange, red, and infrared spectrum. LED Light Bulbs Lighting has become something that's easy to take for granted until a bulb goes out. When that time comes, the number of choices available is higher than it's ever been. When shopping for light bulbs, you can sidestep the bans and continue using incandescent bulbs, despite their limited lifespan, so that you don't have to give up the familiar glow you’re used to. Some have taken the first step to using energy-efficient lighting use compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Compared to incandescent bulbs, CFL bulbs seemed like a great upgrade. However, the reduced power consumption and heat output came with two drawbacks. Many compact fluorescent light bulbs don't achieve full brightness immediately or work well with dimmers. This has made it difficult for some to replace their incandescent lights until they could upgrade without these compromises; this is where LED lighting comes into play. When compared to incandescent and CFL bulbs, LEDs generate the same amount of light while using a fraction of the energy. LED bulbs turn on instantly to full brightness and last far longer. What Is A Solar Panel? Solar energy begins with the sun. Solar panels (also known as "PV panels") are used to convert light from the sun, which is composed of particles of energy called "photons", into electricity that can be used to power electrical loads. Solar panels can be used for a wide variety of applications including remote power systems for cabins, telecommunications equipment, remote sensing, and of course for the production of electricity by residential and commercial solar electric systems. Using solar panels is a very practical way to produce electricity for many applications. The obvious would have to be off-grid living. Living off-grid means living in a location that is not serviced by the main electric utility grid. Remote homes and cabins benefit nicely from solar power systems. No longer is it necessary to pay huge fees for the installation of electric utility poles and cabling from the nearest main grid access point. A solar electric system is potentially less expensive and can provide power for upwards of three decades if properly maintained. Besides the fact that solar panels make it possible to live off-grid, perhaps the greatest benefit that you would enjoy from the use of solar power is that it is both a clean and a renewable source of energy. With the advent of global climate change, it has become more important that we do whatever we can to reduce the pressure on our atmosphere from the emission of greenhouse gases. Solar panels have no moving parts and require little maintenance. They are ruggedly built and last for decades when porperly maintained. Last, but not least, of the benefits of solar panels and solar power is that, once a system has paid for its initial installation costs, the electricity it produces for the remainder of the system's lifespan, which could be as much as 15-20 years depending on the quality of the system, is absolutely free! For grid-tie solar power system owners, the benefits begin from the moment the system comes online, potentially eliminating monthy electric bills or, and this is the best part, actually earning the system's owner additional income from the electric company. How? If you use less power than your solar electric system produces, that excess power can be sold, sometimes at a premium, to your electric utility company! There are many other applications and benefits of using solar panels to generate your electricity needs - too many to list here. But as you browse our website, you'll gain a good general knowledge of just how versatile and convenient solar power can be
Дата Публикации: 15-03-22
Minimalist Kitchen Equipment List: Everything You Need
Описание: Minimalist Kitchen Equipment List: Everything You Need When I moved into my first apartment after college, my mom and I made one epic trip to Ikea to pick up life essentials. I'm talking about a bed frame, a night stand, some shelves, and of course, kitchen equipment. And man, do I wish I had a kitchen equipment list like this when we did our major equipment haul! Kitchen stuff is something you don't really start to accumulate until you've graduated college. Up until then, you're probably using what you brought from home and your college roommate's pots and pans. When you're finally on your own, though, you have to start somewhere, but even the most basic list of kitchen essentials is still dauntingly long. To start, here's a quick kitchen equipment list that will help you get started: Cutlery (knives, forks, spoons) A few glasses/cups A few plates (we currently only have 6 plates for 2 people) One eight-inch chef’s knife (more on that later) A medium-sized pot and 10-inch pan A spatula A large stirring spoon Oven mitts A glass baking dish A metal baking sheet A colander A can opener You can do a lot with just that kitchen equipment list, but most people tend to accumulate more than the bare minimum of equipment over time. This is what I want you to avoid! After all, it's hard not to when there are a plethora of random kitchen tools just a click away, and they're all pretty tempting. Have you been inside a Williams-Sonoma? Just the sight of all the pasta machines and coffee accessories will have you dreaming of becoming that person that makes lattes and pasta from scratch. But, if we're being honest, you probably won't. Because, despite my best intentions, I've only used my milk frother twice in the last 2 years. Kitchen Gadgets One of the earliest recorded uses of the term "gadget" was in 1886 as a nautical term referring to a small, somewhat specialized contrivance. It is unclear when the term first entered kitchen parlance, but the Oxford English Dictionary records the earliest use of the expression "kitchen gadget" as 1951 in the Good Housekeeping Home Encyclopedia, which remarked that kitchen gadgets are often discarded because it takes too much time to clean them. A popular contemporary taxonomy of kitchen technology must account for the essential ambiguity of the term. Terms like "gadget," "utensil," "accoutrement," "tool," and "appliance" overlap. A kitchen gadget may be a specialized artifact used for the preparation of a single kind of dish or for performing one specific function across a variety of dishes. As such, it can be distinguished if only in a general sense from the broader term "kitchen utensil," which would include multipurpose and essential kitchen equipment, such as chefs' knives and large appliances like ovens and refrigerators. In modern usage the term "kitchen gadget" also may be pejorative. It is often used to refer to novelty items, gimmicky and cheap kitchen equipment that purports to ease the burdens of homemakers. As the usage in the Good Housekeeping Home Encyclopedia indicated, gadgets may be the kinds of products that accumulate in the back of kitchen drawers until they are discarded. Another aspect of the gadget is its symbolic character. Gadgets may be displayed as items that represent taste, newness, or status. Although the term "gadget" originated in the late Victorian era, it is often used retroactively to refer to pre-Victorian forms of specialized kitchen equipment. Providing an account of early kitchen tools is difficult as such items rarely made their way onto household inventories. It is well established that, apart from the kitchens of the aristocracy, pre-Victorian cookery, at least in the British Isles, was almost entirely a matter of boiling in a pot, cauldron, or kettle; baking in an oven or on a bake stone; and roasting on a spit. A number of devices were designed to assist the pre-Victorian cook with each of these kitchen tasks. Are Pet Supplies A Good Niche For Drop Shipping? Selecting the right niche is the foundation of a dropshipping business. When choosing the niche for your dropshipping store, you have to consider a few things. With this, a good niche good is something that your market love. And that includes pet supplies. In this post, we will talk about pet supplies as a niche for your dropshipping store. Are pet supplies a good niche for drop shipping? Yes, pet supplies are good niches because people who have pets are emotionally attached to their pets that they always want to buy something for them. It is just like a new parent having a baby. Pet owners are likely to make purchases often for their pets. We understand that there could be multiple niche or products on your dropshipping stores. Getting a profitable niche is the backbone of your business. Without getting the right niche for your market, your store will not earn money. Pet supplies are one of the many niches that you as a drop shipper can sell online. Pet supplies is a wide range of niche that can help your sales for your dropshipping. As we go along this post, we would know further why pet supplies are a good niche, and what products you could sell for your dropshipping store. Why Does Pet Supplies Make A Good Niche for Dropshipping? Large Market to Target Did you know that sixty-eight percent of the household in the United States have pets? This is roughly eight five million families owning a pet. Imagine the number of people you target as a market for your dropshipping. Considering the number of potential customers, pet supplies are good niches in dropshipping. For Pet Lovers, It Is a Sign of Love Aside from the number of pet owner, pet owners consider their pets as a family. To some, they treat their dogs, or cats as their child and part of the family. They have an emotional connection with the pets and would treat them special. Having said that, buying supplies, treats and pet stuff would be common to the pet lovers. They Use Pet Supplies as a Gift Thirty-five percent of pet lovers are millennials. Because they love their pets too much, they want to buy stuff that will make them look good or things that could possibly help in caring for their pets. These pet lovers would regularly buy stuff for their pets as a gift at least once a month. To some, with more than one pet, it could be more frequent. Classification of sports equipment There are three main categories of sports equipment classification: 1, according to the sport classification of the project, which is all the same sports related equipment and equipment, such as a class of methods, such as track and field equipment, weightlifting equipment, ice and snow equipment. 2, based on the nature of the classification of sports equipment, generally can be divided into designated equipment, owned equipment, equipment and other equipment 4 categories. Designated equipment class is the common use of the two sides of the competition, in order to avoid differences arising from the need to specify the equipment in advance of the brand (trademark), manufacturer and specification models; owned equipment is the athletes use their own equipment, such as racket, sailing and rowing , Paddle, sports clothing, protective gear, shoes and hats, etc .; site equipment category refers to the facilities of competition and training venues equipment and equipment, such as a variety of goals, ball, baffle, time scoring equipment, referee appliances; Equipment mainly refers to non-competition use of equipment, generally physical training, fitness activities, sports recreation equipment. 3, according to the classification of sports equipment, sports equipment is divided into sports, national defense military sports equipment, Chinese folk sports equipment, physical fitness rehabilitation equipment, children's sports recreation equipment, sports equipment disabled persons, auxiliary equipment. Competitive sports equipment: Sports equipment used for athletes, including equipment listed in the table, in addition to bicycles, cars, motorcycles, equestrian, fishing, aviation model, navigation model and other items of equipment, as well as non-Olympic Games (Bowling), golf, cricket (paddle ball), shuttlecock ball, tennis ball, bowling ball, bowling ball, tennis ball, ball hockey ball, ball hockey, tennis ball and so on in the international are professional sports organization sports equipment, Board tennis, back to the ball, pocket tennis, goalkeeper, billiards, to throw the ball, skills and other items with equipment. Beauty Salon Equipment List A beauty salon is an institution that provides women with facilities to improve their appearance, including painting, manicuring, facial treatment, and massage. Equipment that is of the highest quality you can afford is always better to buy. You need to look at the beauty salon equipment like beauty salon chairs, salon trolleys, etc. as an investment that both pays for themselves and brings long-term profits for you. Of course, instead of buying outright, you can always lease beauty salon equipment, so look at what suits your budget best. 1. Salon Facial Machines Salon Facial machines are important for a skilled treatment of the esthetics. Without a simple steamer or mag lamp, esthetic rooms wouldn't be full but can be improved with single or multifunction systems. Below are five basic resources that every aesthetician requires on his face computer. Facial Steamer A facial steamer is considered one of the most valuable devices for every salon as it performs several critical tasks on clients and patients. Used mainly to help moisturize and cleanse the skin, it may also use steam to widen the pores of the skin, allowing increased blood circulation across the face and other body parts. Facial Vaporizer A facial vaporizer, similar to a facial steamer, also combines steam and ozone to revitalize a person's face and other areas of the body. But along with this, the aromatherapy therapies also use a facial vaporizer. A vaporizer is particularly popular in day spas and can use aromatherapy to help a person not only get revitalized skin but also relax and get rid of the stresses they have experienced in their lives. Ice Roller While many patients and clients use facial vaporizers and steamers well, many others often turn to ice rollers to help them achieve their desired results. An ice roller is mainly used to treat acne, reduce redness of the skin, to reduce lines and wrinkles, to relax the skin, and to relieve muscle pain. Ultrasonic Skin Scrubber An ultrasonic skin scrubber is an essential tool for any aesthetician's facial machine becoming more popular with customers at day spas who want extensive facials. The ultrasonic skin scrubber is also commonly used on patients who have undergone facelifts, ideal for clients who want deep cleaning, and full penetration of serums and moisturizers. Skin Scanner Just looking at the mirror, we do not get many ideas about the skin problems faced by us. For the same reason, a special machine is needed. A skin scanner is often required to fully understand what's happening to their skin. Used by most estheticians to conduct an initial examination of a person's skin condition, a skin scanner relies on blacklight blue lamp technology to penetrate under the skin's outer surface, exposing various conditions using fluorescent colors. By using this tool, aestheticians can detect conditions such as sun exposure below the skin's surface, obstructed pores, poor circulation, dehydrated skin, and much more. 2. Beauty Beds Beauty Beds form an essential part of the experience of beauty and spa. Buying premium beauty beds and beauty sofas that will keep you and your clients happy. Beauty beds provide a great way of relaxation and comfort to customers. As clients need support while receiving facial treatment, a comfortable and soft bed for facial massage is the crucial way to give their customers such feeling. The Beauty bed is also used for waxing. Most salon beds and couches are made from PVC or vinyl. This has the advantage that they are easy to clean. Some well-known brands for Beauty bed are Lotus, REM, Affinity, and many more, etc
Дата Публикации: 15-03-22
Choose the right chair for your workspace at home
Описание: Choose the right chair for your workspace at home Work from home is the new normal! Mostly everyone is working from home nowadays hence creating a comfortable and productive workplace has never been so important. People make the mistake of underestimating this task and instead of looking for a good ergonomic chair, they go for the cheapest one. The drawback of this mindset is not just that low-quality cheap products require to be replaced more frequently but it's the bad chairs lead to several health problems and also loss of work productivity and efficiency. A chair on its own is not enough. It has to be individualized as per the anthropometry of the individual and also with the height of the table and the lighting of the workspace. If we go by the calculations one will get to know that we all spend a lot of time working hence you need to buy the right chair for both office and home. Let's know some of the reasons behind it. Reasons why you need the right ergonomic office chair – To maintain comfort and good health. The best chair is the one on which you can sit for long hours without discomfort or pain. Some chairs will seem to be fine at first but by the end of the day, the pain in the back will speak for itself. If your chair isn't right, it will affect your sitting posture and it will cause serious health issues. THE RIGHT ERGONOMIC CHAIR SHOULD– Keep your feet flat Provide a little gap between the back of your knee and the front edge of the chair Allow your knees to be a little lower than the level of your hips Allow you to change positions It is always said prevention is always better than cure. Good ergonomic chairs are designed by keeping the individual body in mind which provides comfort with proper lumbar support. According to the studies it has been found that lack of lumbar support leads to pressure and strain on the muscles and reduction of blood flow in spinal tissue damaging the disc and pinched nerves in the back. Chairs with lumbar support avoid this situation by maintaining proper blood circulation which promotes comfort and provides correct posture that in turn makes you healthy and reduces back issues. Gaming Chairs: Are They Good For Your Back And Posture? There is a lot of buzz around gaming chairs, but are gaming chairs good for your back? Besides the flamboyant looks, how do these chairs help? This post discusses how gaming chairs provide support to the back leading to an improved posture and for better work performance. It also discusses how having better posture means overall wellbeing in the long run. Sitting in cheap office chairs for a prolonged period leads to poor posture. Poor posture also affects your mood. A bad posture affects the position of your bones, muscles, and internal organs in the body. This exerts pressure on your muscles and tendons, leading to conditions that can be hard to reverse. You may experience trouble sitting for long hours or even sitting at all. Slouching also causes breathing problems, stiffness in the joints, and poor circulation. All of this can lead to chronic fatigue. It is a major concern, given the modern sedentary lifestyles. The journey of our ancestors from hunter-gatherers to farmers resulted in decreased mobility and lower limb strength. Today, an average American spends 13 hours sitting and 8 hours sleeping per day; 21 hours of sedentary time. A sedentary lifestyle is bad for your back, but it’s an inevitable outcome of modern work. It’s true that sitting for too long is bad for your back regardless of the kind of chair you use, but a cheap office chair increases the likelihood of health risks in two ways. Cheap chairs encourage sloppy sitting habits ii. A saggy spine causes severe strain on the neck, back, and shoulders. Besides having a comfortable sitting experience, gaming chairs also provide support to your back, neck, and shoulders. Unlike the office chairs, gaming chairs are ergonomically designed, keeping in view the sedentary lifestyle. Even the padded chairs may do no service. A well-built gaming chair supports your lower and upper back, shoulders, head, neck, arms, and hips. A good gaming chair helps to maintain the correct posture. When your head is correctly positioned, the strain is taken off your neck. Also, properly aligned spine reduces the back pain. When your hips are in the right posture, you can comfortably sit for long periods of time. Sit Back, It's Better for Your Back A new study suggests that sitting upright for hours at a time -- for example, when working at a computer -- may lead to chronic back pain. Instead, the best position for your back is somewhat reclined, sitting at a 135-degree angle rather than the 90-degree angle most office chairs are designed for. "A 135-degree body-thigh sitting posture was demonstrated to be the best biomechanical sitting position, as opposed to a 90-degree posture, which most people consider normal," says researcher Waseem Amir Bashir, MBChB, clinical fellow in the department of radiology and diagnostic imaging at the University of Alberta Hospital, Canada, in a news release. "Sitting in a sound anatomic position is essential, since the strain put on the spine and its associated ligaments over time can lead to pain, deformity and chronic illness." Bashir presented the results of the study this week at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago. Comparing Sitting Positions Back pain is one of the most common causes of work-related disability in the U.S. and helping to identify bad seating postures may help protect the spine and prevent injury. Using "positional" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) researchers studied the sitting positions of 22 healthy volunteers with no history of back pain. The MRI machine allowed freedom of motion, such as sitting or standing, during imaging. Conventional MRI machines require the patient to lie flat and may mask some causes of back pain. Researchers used the MRI to examine spinal positioning while the participants assumed three different sitting positions: slouching forward (such as hunched over a desk or video game console), an upright 90-degree sitting position, and a relaxed position with the back reclined backward about 135 degrees while the feet were still on the floor. What Is a Lift Chair? A lift chair is a recliner-style seat that uses a motor to help a person safely and easily get out of it from a seated position. The powerlifting mechanism inside pushes the entire chair up from its base to assist the user to stand up. While it might sound like a luxury, for many people, it's a necessity. Lift chairs can also help seniors sit down from the standing position safely and comfortably. “For seniors who struggle to stand up or sit down, this can help decrease pain and potentially ease anxiety,” says Josie Rhoades, vice president of clinical operations at BrightStar Care, a national private-duty home care and medical staff franchise. Seniors who struggle to sit or stand on their own can end up overly relying on their arms and may end up slipping or harming themselves. The reclining positions of lift chairs also provide benefits. “Seniors often require the use of a lift chair because the chair’s lifting and reclining positions help elevate their legs to reduce the excess buildup of fluid and improves circulation in their legs,” says Rhoades. Types of Lift Chairs According to Rhoades, there are three main types of lift chairs: Two-position. The most basic option, this lift chair reclines to a 45-degree angle, allowing the person seated to lean back slightly. It contains one motor, which controls the chair's lifting capabilities, reclining capabilities and the footrest. “When the backrest reclines, the footrest must extend,” says Rhoades. “They cannot operate independently of each other.” These chairs are generally used for watching television and/or reading, and they don’t take up too much space. Three-position. This lift chair reclines further to an almost flat position. It is powered by one motor, which means the footrest doesn't operate independently of the backrest. “The person seated will be positioned in a slight ‘V’ formation at the hips with the backrest reclined and their knees and feet higher than their hips,” says Rhoades. Because it reclines so far, this chair is ideal for napping and helpful for seniors who aren't able to sleep lying flat in a bed. Infinite position. The most versatile (and typically the most expensive) option, an infinite position lift chair offers a full recline with both the backrest and the footrest parallel to the floor. “Infinite position lift chairs usually contain two motors,” says Rhoades. “The first motor typically controls the backrest, and the other controls the footrest, allowing for seniors to be properly positioned in seated position with their legs extended in front.” Before buying an infinite position lift chair (sometimes called a zero-gravity chair), consult with your doctor, as it's not safe for some seniors to be in this position. What Wood Is Best for Chair Making? Chairs can be built from any wood available. For fine furniture, the hardwoods are the best choice, but some of the most comfortable chairs are built from some of the softest woods. Some of the hardwood chairs take special blades, while most of the softer woods can be used with any tools available to the handyman. If you are going to build a mission-style chair, use hardwood. For an Adirondack-style chair, go with soft. For traditional strength and longevity, no other wood lasts like oak. It has a tight grain pattern that is somewhat chaotic. This means that it is unlikely to split down the grain pattern. It's not prone to shrinking as much as other semi-hard woods, and has that familiar look of fine furniture. There are two species most commonly used to make oak chairs — American red oak and American white oak, with white oak being the harder with a tighter grain. These hardness characteristics can also mean that it is harder to work with. Chairs Made of Mahogany The availability of mahogany worldwide makes it an obvious choice for making chairs. Bassett Furniture notes that this wood is lighter in weight than some other types of wood, but it is strong as oak. Mahogany's warm colors and semi-soft texture make it easy to work with. It is straight grained, blends well and is reasonably stable due to straight-grain patterns that are usually laminated, making a mahogany chair almost split proof. Mahogany grows on every continent, therefore, there are probably more mahogany chairs in the world than any other specific wood. Chairs Made of Maple Maple has an extremely tight grain pattern that is also chaotic like oak. On a hardness scale maple is the second hardest domestic hardwood available, second only to birch, which is rarely used for furniture. Maple has a warm, light-colored glow that makes it great for chairs, but only the sharpest, carbide-tip saws and drill bits are recommended for milling maple. Glue will sometimes fail to adhere to the smooth, hard surface on the inside of dowel holes. Care and patience need to be applied when building a chair out of maple.
Дата Публикации: 15-03-22
What's The Difference Between Shirt And T-shirt?
Описание: What's The Difference Between Shirt And T-shirt? Tshirts and shirts are two different terms often used interchangeably, but what is the difference between a shirt and a T-shirt? A shirt can be a short-sleeved or long-sleeved garment for the upper body. T-shirts for men are usually made of cotton and have shorter sleeves than a shirt. Shirts come in many different styles, colours, patterns, and fabrics, while T-shirts typically only come in one style with no pattern options. With shirts for men, you can choose the type of fabric (cotton vs polyester), style (long-sleeved shirt or short-sleeve shirts), colour, and pattern. You also have a lot more options with shirts than t-shirts in terms of how they fit on your body because shirts typically come with two parts that are sewn together. A T-shirt is a short-sleeved shirt, typically made of cotton or polyester and sometimes fleece, with no pockets on the front that usually has a design printed onto it using various types of ink methods such as screen printing or sublimation. T-shirts are often worn by professionals for work as nurses because they are seamless and can easily be washed. How Can You Style Your Shirts and T-shirts? This is a question for both shirts and t-shirts. When you are looking to style your shirts and/or t-shirts, there are two key elements that should be considered: fabric weight and color palette. If you want something more on the lightweight side, consider cotton or linen as they can breathe well enough in the warmer months. If you are looking for a more rugged feel and want to make your shirts or t-shirts last longer, then consider wool shirts or T-shirts that have been treated with special finishes like “water repellent” treatments. These fabrics can also breathe well in the warmer months when used on shirts and could be worn as outerwear. Conclusion The difference between shirts and T-shirts is that shirts are typically dressier than casual t-shirts. A shirt can be worn for any occasion, while a t-shirt generally only works well in informal settings. When deciding what to wear in the morning, it’s usually best to go with a shirt versus an undershirt or tank top. WhatsAppPinterestBufLinke分享 Stripes in Menswear: Different Types and How to Wear Them when it comes to the classic patterns of menswear, those based on the simple line–that is to say, stripes–remain just as popular today as they have been for centuries. In this primer, we’ll discuss the different kinds of striped patterns in tailored clothes and show you how to “fall in line” with wearing them well. Because men typically want to project a serious, businesslike demeanor when wearing tailored clothes, the two most popular pattern styles are not overly ornate, but are based on the simple geometry of the line: one of these styles being checks (which was the topic of a previous article) and the other stripes. These two basic patterns can create greater interest than simply wearing solids while still looking subdued and formal, though there is always the opportunity (or risk!) of making them quite bold. What are Stripes? Stripes are a series of parallel lines that do not cross each other. They are found in a variety of orientations in menswear; typically, suits and shirts feature vertical stripes, though horizontally striped garments do exist, as well. Additionally, neckwear and accessories (such as pocket squares or hat bands) may feature stripes in various orientations. Because of the lack of interaction between lines, striped patterns are simpler than checks, which also means they tend to be more reserved, and therefore more formal. Combinations of colors are often used to create differently named patterns, which we will discuss below. Unbalanced Stripes Asymmetrically patterned, indicating that the width of the stripe is either narrower or wider than that of the background and/or that the stripes are not spaced evenly. Pinstripes are an example. Fancy Stripes Industry jargon for a weave or pattern that does not match any other specific definition; it may still generally be a balanced stripe, in some cases. Jermyn Stripes (and other “street stripes”) Rather than a specific type of stripe, this is a broad reference to the style of bright, boldly striped shirt fabrics favored by custom shirtmakers located on or around Jermyn Street in London. Therefore, Jermyn Stripes may describe Bengal stripes, candy stripes, or any other traditional stripe style. Some patterns may also make reference to other well known retail streets in London, such as Bond Street. There are so many types of strips, this is only a brief introduction. How To Style A Check Shirt Checked shirts are popular with everyone, from hipsters to lumberjacks, we all own a check shirt or five. Ranging from casual to slightly smarter, plaid shirts can fit any style and occasion. A designer check shirt should be a staple in every man's wardrobe. Unlike Hawaiian shirts and jean shorts, your checked shirts will never go out of style, so buying one now is an investment for the indefinite future. Here we'll explain how to pull off all the plaid shirt outfit ideas you'll need for this fashion staple. THE MATERIAL Every man needs a plaid shirt that can be comfy to wear around the house, but also a nice shirt that you can run errands in. One factor to consider is the weather. You don't want to be wearing a thin shirt in the middle of winter. If it's cold, go for a flannel shirt with long sleeves. 100% cotton will keep you warm and comfortable for hot weather. Like this check shirt in navy from Gant. checked shirt by Gant In the summer you can opt for thinner material and brighter colours to reflect the nice weather. LAYER UP A check shirt is also good for layering when it's not too cold. Adding an opened button flannel shirt over your t-shirt is a great look for added warmth. Remember, check shirts can be worn both done up and undone – as long as you're wearing something underneath, don't be that guy. A plaid shirt can look great worn as a middle layer between your favourite tee and a denim jacket. WEAR IT CASUALLY A plaid top can look great worn with dark skinny jeans for an everyday look or even chinos if you want to get slightly smarter. Add a trusty pair of desert boots and you're all set for your day out in the city. A check shirt is also great for that rugged look – wear an oversized shirt over your favourite skinny jeans. If you're wearing a shirt with several patterns, make sure the other pieces are neutral, otherwise, you risk looking like a walking jumble sale. SMARTEN IT UP A check shirt can also be seen on many men dressed up on more formal occasions. A well-fitting shirt with a smart tie can make you look like the GQ style man you always wanted to be. Just be careful not to overdo it – a check shirt is a statement piece, not the focal point of your outfit. A checked shirt is a versatile and stylish item that's definitely a wardrobe staple. There are so many ways to wear a plaid shirt that it's never going to go out of fashion any time soon. Man In Green Checked Shirt SMART CASUAL When you're going to a more formal event, a checked shirt is perfectly acceptable to wear. But it is key to make sure you don't overwhelm yourself with the clash of patterns and colours. Small checks are considered neater and a more formal style compared to larger widespread checks. The sleeve length should be long to match a suit jacket. Also, if your event includes you having to wear a tie, then the thinner the tie the better as a thick tie can look uneasy against a checked shirt. It is also important to remember the suit and tie should be in a neutral colour such as black. Otherwise, your outfit could look too “busy”. Slim jeans and leather shoes (or even a nice pair of ankle boots) can round off this look perfectly. Smart casual is a difficult style to master when trying to wear a checked shirt. Try to go for neutral hues, quality material and long sleeves. Also, is your shirt is showing off a lot of colour in the plaid pattern? Then the rest of your outfit should be more subtle in order to match. Black jeans and smart sneakers are the easiest option and will go with any other clothes. What Makes a Great Shirt We talked to a few individuals and asked “What makes a good shirt?” to find out what people really want in the perfect custom printed t-shirt. Here's a summary of what we heard back: An abstract message. A creative way to express the message of the company without using a logo. Using logos are cool if they're a part of the overall design that include other elements, but they shouldn't be the main focus. Simple designs resonate with me more, but a cool graphic is fun if it's done well or by a really awesome designer. How it fits and feels. A shirt that is light and has breathable fabric is the best. It's nice if they are super soft but have good structure - the cut of it, the neck line and the sleeves are important. Long is good. Something that is fashion friendly and up with the trends, but not clingy and not too loose. Most blends are great because you don't have to iron them! It goes with everything. Neutral colors are my go to. Black, white, and grey are the best colors. They go with everything. Other colors are cool too especially if it's for a good cause or representing my favorite sports team. I don't mind wearing bright colors for something like that. Get rid of the tags. No tags, please! They are super itchy and irritating if they are constantly scratching the back of my neck. If a tag is super super soft, then that's fine and I don't notice it. What Is A Classic Fit T-Shirt? A regular fit T-shirt usually hugs snuggly around the body while leaving adequate room for comfort in the sleeves and waist. The right size regular fit T-shirt is loose, but not too much to the point of being sloppy or over-the-top. Generally speaking, these T-shirts lean more into comfort than style, and are acceptable for any casual situation but you might not want to wear one to the office. Semi-fitted Classic T-Shirts are the go-to if you’d like to be smart casual at the office. Regular fit T-shirts are not always ideal undergarments, as the loose tapering at the bottom of the shirt can be difficult to tuck in. Layering clothes with a regular fit T-shirt will feel heavier and not control temperature or moisture as well as a tighter fitting T-shirt. The slim fit T-shirt has a narrow cut that focuses on minimal fabric, therefore, leading to a tighter fit that looks more modernized and hugs tightly to the body. The goal of the shirt is to flatter the wearer's body by accentuating their muscles and structure to enhance confidence and masculinity. If you are in shape and an enthusiastic gym rat, then this is definitely the style for you. This type of T-shirt works very well for a lean and built body frame, but it’s still important to tailor the outfit to your proper size. The slim fit tends to have a high arm for slimmer trousers. Slim fit shirts tend to slim down through the chest and shoulder, giving you a more toned and sharp appearance.
Дата Публикации: 15-03-22
The Different Types of Structural Steel and Their Uses in Construction
Описание: The Different Types of Structural Steel and Their Uses in Construction Steel is well known for providing structure and strength unlike any other when it comes to construction. The durability and potency that steel provides is not matched by the likes of wood or concrete. More often than not, it's the case that steel is the material of choice for construction, and people prefer steel due to its various advantages. Steel buildings tend to be built using various frames too, for example clearspan, modular and single slope. Due to the fact that steel is much easier and less time-consuming when it comes to building, along with its numerous other factors that have proved advantageous, steel, these days, has become the most sought after way of constructing buildings. With steel, we can create structures like no other material when it comes to construction. No other material has the potency and durability that steel does. Structural steel has undoubtedly become the preferred choice for construction due to the various benefits it has. The buildings that are made from steel require various structural frames. Also, constructing with steel entails much less time which makes it the most sought after way of constructing structures. With this in mind, in this blog, we outline some of the various types of steel and the benefits it can offer you. Read on to discover more about this versatile and timeless building material. Structural SteelFirstly its beneficial to know what structural steel actually is and how it is formed. Structural steel shapes are made out of this kind of steel, which is formated from a precise cross section. Yet, at the same time it follows definite standards for mechanical properties and chemical composition. Structural steel comes in various shapes like L-beam, Z shape, HSS shape, L shape (angle), structural channel (C-beam, cross section), T shaped, rail profile, bar, rod, plate and an open joist of web steel. Standard structural steel varies in different countries with various specifications. For example, European I-beam is Euronorm 19-57, whereas structural steel in the USA comes in carbon, low alloy, corrosion resistant high strength low alloy, quenched and tempered alloy steel etc. Structural steel is versatile, strong and durable, so it's hardly surprising that it can be morphed into almost any shape based on the construction project at hand; it can be constructed almost immediately the moment it is received on the building site. Structural steel is fire-resistant in itself but fire protection methods should be put in place in case there is a possibility of it getting heated up to a point where it starts to lose its durability and strength. Corrosion has to be prevented when it comes to structural steel, but tall buildings are known to have withstood various kinds of adversities when built using structural steel.Steel construction is increasing in popularity all over the world, with every region benefitting from steel throughout the years.Many of the best architectural wonders have been constructed through the use of steel, be it structural, carbon or rebar, including The Empire State Building and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. More importantly, the usage of steel is beneficial in terms of eco friendliness than other modes of construction, and due to this factor alone, it is given more preference. Taking into consideration the rate of marvellous constructions, steel has proved favourable. With the usage of steel increasing within the construction industry, there is no doubt that it will take over the entire construction field soon in the future. Here we take a look at the various types of structural steel and its uses in construction. A Lesson on the Ultimate Load-Bearing Structural Solution The construction industry is embracing a younger and stronger framing material that delivers benefits for architects, contractors, developers and tenants. Discover why this versatile steel design is outmatching everything else.Light-gauge steel (also known as cold-formed steel and cold-rolled steel) is a cold-formed material that is used to make construction processes smoother and products stronger. It does not deteriorate, like wood. It is not bulky, like structural steel. It is not heavy, like concrete. It is something completely different, and if you have ever worked with it before, you know that there is a practically endless list of benefits. Let's look further into this wonder material and how iSPAN Systems' light-gauge steel structural solutions can benefit you on your next project. Light-Gauge Steel's Inception for the Benefit of Contractors Early in the 1900s, builders began searching for new ways to use steel. Hot-rolled structural steel was extremely strong, but expensive and difficult to install. The innovation and housing shortage after WWII spurred research into light-gauge steel as a load bearing and non-load bearing element. It was found to be 20% stronger than hot-rolled steel with a far superior strength to weight ratio, with significantly less material and energy use than anything else. Once American design standards came around in 1946, builders quickly began moving forward on constructing homes and mid-rise buildings out of this newly approved building material. In the 1950s and 1960s, as the economy grew, so did the number of cold-formed steel structures in the commercial market. Today, after further research and engineering support, light-gauge steel is standard use in many new single homes and mid-rise buildings, such as hotels, apartments and condominiums. What is Possible With Light-Gauge Steel? The question should be “What isn't possible?” because there is an endless list of uses for this versatile steel product: everything from cars and bridges to storage racks and furniture. iSPAN Systems has mastered light-gauge steel in building structures and continues to research new possibilities. No matter the building use, iSPAN can pursue and work with its clients on coming up with a cold-formed solution: trusses, joists, walls, floor decking (Composite TotalJoist) and other components. What is the Big Deal about Light-Gauge Steel? It's fairly new, but it's rapidly growing in popularity. Why is that? This light and strong material makes the building process better for everyone, whether you're an architect, contractor or developer. Light-Gauge Steel Benefits for Architect iSPAN is a single-source supplier, backed with a design/engineering team Allows for large spans resulting in more spacious spaces Reduces/eliminates bulkheads Results in fewer plan changes and costly mistakes since materials are prefabricated Environmentally friendly choice using recyclable materials Each detail is planned prior to construction Multi Storey Steel Buildings Here's why multi storied buildings are an affordable and convenient solution for your construction needs Multi storied buildings are a cost-effective solution owing to considerable reduction in initial foundation and infrastructure expenses. It speeds up construction time due to relative ease of installation. Multi storied buildings are extremely strong and durable and are earthquake and weather resistant. There are lesser dead loads as compared to regular concrete buildings. The need for lesser columns enables the construction of longer spaces. It is an eco-friendly solution as the steel structures are 100% recyclable and don’t cause material wastage and pollution. It is corrosion resistant and requires minimum maintenance. Features The buildings are also fire resistant owing to the following features Intumescent paint This is a coating that swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing volume and decreasing in density and offering passive fire protection. Gypsum board This is also a passive fire protection material containing chemically combined water which under high heat releases steam and prevents heat transfer. Vermiculite spray This fire protectant spray is coated on structural steel to build a fire barrier and protect the steel building. Column encasing This is designed to protect the structure by preventing it from reaching the critical failure temperature of 550 degrees celcius. Various systems can be installed for the purpose such as fire-rated insulation boards, concrete cladding as well as spray coating and intumescent paints. Steel bridge structure – advantages, elements and components Steel bridges are widely used around the world in different structural forms with different span length, such as highway bridges, railway bridges, and footbridges. The main advantages of structural steel over other construction materials are its strength, ductility, easy fabrication, and rapid construction. It has a much higher strength in both tension and compression than concrete, and relatively good strength to cost ratio and stiffness to weight ratio. Steel is a versatile and effective material that provides efficient and sustainable solutions for bridge construction, particularly for long span bridges or bridges requiring enhanced seismic performance. Amongst bridge materials steel has the highest and most favorable strength qualities, and it is therefore suitable for the most daring bridges with the longest spans. Normal building steel has compressive and tensile strengths of 370 N/sq mm, about ten times the compressive strength of a medium concrete and a hundred times its tensile strength. A special merit of steel is its ductility due to which it deforms considerably before it breaks, because it begins to yield above a certain stress level. Advantages of Steel bridge structure The multiple advantages of steel equate to a more cost-effective option than other building materials. Smaller crews working with smaller scale construction equipment can install and erect steel-based projects because of its light weight. This lighter weight also allows for faster installation, so projects are erected more quickly. This timeliness also affords key cost-savings advantages to construction companies. Some of its advantages are- Lower construction costs compared with other materials helps save money for municipal governments. Faster construction reduces traffic and business disruption. Steel bridges last longer than other types, which means they don’t have to be replaced as quickly. Steel components require less maintenance and don’t need to be replaced as often.Steel is highly adaptable to different climates and geographic conditions. The relative lightness of steel compared with other materials reduces energy use during delivery and construction. Steel components are less likely to be damaged during extreme events like hurricanes and earthquakes. Steel components are used to transmit critical utility services across bridges. Steel has a remarkably high strength-to-weight ratio. This minimizes the weight of bridge superstructures, which reduces the cost of building the substructures that support them. One of the biggest advantages of steel is weight savings, which means lower erection costs, since the bridge pieces can be handled with lighter equipment. In addition, for the same span and load, a steel girder requires less depth than a concrete girder, which can be helpful when constrained by vertical clearance requirements. Generally, it’s easier to make spans continuous for both live and dead loads and to develop composite action with steel designs rather than with concrete ones. It’s easier to inspect and determine the structural state of a steel bridge where all the components are visible. The long-term durability and cost effectiveness of steel bridges will be further enhanced by the use of high performance steels with weathering capabilities. Steel permits cost-effective longer spans for crossing streams, lakes, wetlands, and environmentally protected areas. The long spans may eliminate or at least minimize environmental impact.
Дата Публикации: 15-03-22
Rapid and reliable identification and validation of incoming raw materials is critical for drug manufacturing
Описание: Rapid and reliable identification and validation of incoming raw materials is critical for drug manufacturing Impurities and adulterants in raw materials pose potential health threats when present in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical APIs and drug products. These same impurities and adulterants may also result in lower production yields and greater needs for product purification. Thus, their identification and quantification within incoming raw material play an important role in the pharma industry, ensuring product safety & quality, and an overall smooth and cost-efficient manufacturing process. Bruker offers a complete portfolio of analytical systems for quick and accurate identification of raw materials. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a reliable, precise, and accurate technique with the potential to analyze inorganic impurities at ppm or even sub-ppm level in many types of raw materials used in the pharma industry. XRF is also ideal for quick identification of certain substances, such as the differentiation of KCl and NaCl. Modern high-end laboratory energy-dispersive XRF spectrometers allow for high throughput, are easy to operate, and comply with applicable data management regulations (e.g. 21 CFR Part 11). Portable XRF units can be used for a quick assessment of a new delivery upon arrival. Key advantages of XRF compared to more classical wet chemical techniques are the fast and simple sample preparation, the ease-of-use, and the low operation costs (no toxic/expensive chemicals/gases required! Uniquely, XRD directly probes the atomic and molecular arrangements in solid forms. X-ray powder diffraction, therefore, enables detection, identification, and quantification of crystalline and amorphous APIs, excipients, and other any materials via fingerprinting. Raw materials can be quickly screened to control purity, crystallinity, and polymorphism as well as absolute phase abundance in mixtures. FT-NIR spectroscopy via fiber optic probes is rapidly becoming a standard method of accomplishing this crucial material validation, providing unprecedented speed and flexibility for the identification of both solid materials and liquids. Both MPA II and MATRIX-F FT-NIR spectrometers can be equipped with fiber optic probes for direct analysis of raw materials in their containers. Complete identification software guides the user through the library creation process and provides single-click identification even at the loading dock. The MATRIX-F system comes with a NEMA rated enclosure enabling it to withstand the toughest plant environments. Incoming goods inspection and quality control using FT-IR spectroscopy are mainly performed using the so-called ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) technique. It allows measuring IR spectra of almost all types of liquid, solid, and paste-like samples within some seconds. For identity control, the sample spectrum is compared against the spectrum of a reference substance. The growing demand for portable Raman systems for material verification is constituted in the vast capabilities of this spectroscopic technique. High selective information content and no need for sample preparation combined with the capability to probe materials directly through transparent packaging material often make Raman spectroscopy as the method of choice. Bruker developed the BRAVO to overcome the limitations of handheld Raman spectroscopy like fluorescence or safety issues. As a class 1M laser product, BRAVO combines maximum user safety with the utmost ease of use, of course fully compliant to regulations like CFR 21 Part 11. BRAVO is the lab in your hands for material verification in the pharmaceutical industry. NMR on the other hand, being a structural rich technique and inherently quantitative, offers the advantage of testing the identity of raw materials and their quantification in the same experiment, which can take less than 1 minute. Should impurities be detected, NMR and MS are the techniques of choice to elucidate the unknows, providing go- or no-go information. The Benefits of Plant Extracts for Human Health Nature has always been, and still is, a source of foods and ingredients that are beneficial to human health. Nowadays, plant extracts are increasingly becoming important additives in the food industry due to their content in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and carotenoids, which have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, especially against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oxidative changes. The aforementioned compounds also delay the development of off-flavors and improve the shelf life and color stability of food products. Due to their natural origin, they are excellent candidates to replace synthetic compounds, which are generally considered to have toxicological and carcinogenic effects. The efficient extraction of these compounds from their natural sources and the determination of their activity in commercialized products have been great challenges for researchers and food chain contributors to develop products with positive effects on human health. The objective of this Special Issue is to highlight the existing evidence regarding the various potential benefits of the consumption of plant extracts and plant extract-based products, along with essential oils that are derived from plants also and emphasize in vivo works and epidemiological studies, application of plant extracts to improve shelf-life, the nutritional and health-related properties of foods, and the extraction techniques that can be used to obtain bioactive compounds from plant extracts. In this context, Concha-Meyer et al. studied the bioactive compounds of tomato pomace obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction. In this review, it was presented that the functional extract obtained by ultrasounds had antithrombotic properties, such as platelet anti-aggregant activity compared with commercial cardioprotective products. Turrini et al. introduced bud-derivatives from eight different plant species as a new category of botanicals containing polyphenols and studied how different extraction processes can affect their composition. Woody vine plants from Kadsura spp. belonging to the Schisandraceae family produce edible red fruits that are rich in nutrients and antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids. Extracts from these plants had antioxidant properties and had shown also key enzyme inhibitions. Hence, fruit parts other than the edible mesocarp could be utilized for future food applications using Kadsura spp. rather than these being wasted. Saji et al. studied the possible use of rice bran, a by-product generated during the rice milling process, normally used in animal feed or discarded due to its rancidity, for its phenolic content. It was proved that rice bran phenolic extracts via their metal chelating properties and free radical scavenging activity, target pathways of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in the alleviation of vascular inflammatory mediators. Villedieu-Percheron et al. evaluated three natural diterpenes compounds extracted and isolated from Andrographis paniculata medicinal herb as possible inhibitors of NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcriptional activity of pure analogues. Yeon et al. evaluated the antioxidant activity, the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition effect, and the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of hot pepper water extracts both before and after their fermentation. These water extracts were proved to have potentially inhibitory effects against both hyperglycemia and hypertension. The hydrolyzed extracts of Ziziphus jujube fruit, commonly called jujube, were examined for their protective effect against lung inflammation in mice. Fine chemicals: Membrane technology in the fine chemicals industry Fine chemicals are chemicals produced in small-to-medium quantities but their definition is imprecise and wide ranging, including pharmaceuticals. Here we concentrate on agrichemicals, specialist chemicals and high purity chemicals typically synthesised in small batches for producing products such as dyes, pigments, coatings, flavors, fragrances, lubricants and microelectronic grade chemicals. In an issue of Filtration+Separation, published in July/August 2008, Ken Sutherland outlined the range of products produced in the chemicals industry. He focused on bulk chemicals but gave a useful summary of the chemicals industry as a whole, including pharmaceuticals and biotechnical products. This represented the largest sector of the membrane market in 2007, with 30.6% of the global total. The fine chemicals sector represents around a quarter of the whole membranes chemical market. This smaller sector is characterised by a range of diverse applications for membrane technology, covering three main aspects: ? production of process water, subsequently utilised in the manufacturing process or in the dilution of fine chemicals; ? filtration and separation of the fine chemicals themselves; and ? treatment of effluent from fine chemicals production processes. Fine chemicals are pure, single substances that are typically produced by chemical reactions for highly specialised applications. The fine chemicals produced can be categorised into active pharmaceutical ingredients and their intermediates, agrichemicals, speciality chemicals and high-purity chemicals for technical applications. In contrast to bulk chemicals, which are produced in massive quantities by standardised reactions for subsequent direct use, fine chemicals are custom-produced in smaller quantities for special uses. The methods of production need to be flexible, and owing to the relatively small volumes required and the diversity of types, the definition of fine chemicals is wide ranging. Production is more expensive than for bulk chemicals, generates more effluent that can be difficult to treat, and requires a higher research investment per unit weight produced. Fine chemicals are, however, produced in industrial quantities unlike research chemicals, but batch production tends to be common as opposed to continuous production for bulk chemicals. Safety and Application of Food Additives Introduction With the advent of food processing, food additives play an important role in providing a safe food supply as well as meeting the consumers' need. Food additive means any substance, either natural or synthetic, intentionally added to food for a technological purpose in the processing, packaging, transport or storage of such food. The technological functions of food additive include but not limited to the following enhancing the safety and quality by the inhibition of microbial growth; extending the shelf-life by protection against any oxidative deterioration; enhancing the flavour and odour; stabilising or retaining the colour; and improving the texture and consistency of a food, etc. Food additive is not normally consumed as a food by itself and not normally used as a typical ingredient of the food. The term does not include contaminants or substances added to food for maintaining or improving nutritional qualities as well as seasonings such as salts, herbs and spices. There are many types of food additives and the commonly used ones include preservatives, antioxidants, sweeteners, colouring matters, flavour enhancers, thickeners, emulsifiers, etc. Safety and Public Health Significance The toxicity of food additives is generally low. The major food safety concern of food additives is in fact due to their chronic exposure at levels above the safety reference. The Joint Food Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is the international food safety authority responsible for collecting and evaluating scientific data on food additives and allocate a safety reference (i.e. acceptable daily intake (ADI)) to the food additives evaluated. JECFA also makes recommendations on safe levels of use. The ADI of a chemical is the estimate of the amount of a substance in food or drinking-water, expressed on a body-weight basis, that can be ingested daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk. A dietary intake above the ADI does not automatically mean that health is at risk. Transient excursion above the ADI would have no health consequences provided that the average intake over long period is not exceeded as the emphasis of ADI is a lifetime exposure. A small proportion of the population may be intolerant to some food additives and may have acute effects, e.g., small amount of sulphur dioxide may cause bronchoconstriction and asthmatic reaction for certain people with allergic conditions. Why Single-Use Gloves are Essential Single-use or disposable type gloves are beneficial when it comes to protecting the skin against chemicals, contamination, fluids or infection, in the healthcare profession as well as food handling, law enforcement and dentistry. Disposable gloves keep everyone safer because they minimize the spread of germs and bacteria. Disposable gloves are worn practically everywhere nowadays. Latex-free styles such as nitrile and synthetic vinyl are the most popular styles. You see them in doctor's offices, restaurants, tattoo salons, hair salons, and anywhere else that workers need inexpensive hand protection at the ready. Single-use gloves might get dirty quickly, but they're very easy and cheap to replace. There's always a new pair waiting, and they don't need special laundering. For workers who need a tactile protective hand barrier but don't require a specialized protection such as cut resistance, disposable gloves are the best option. Here Are Four Things That Make Disposable Hand Protection Indispensable: Single-use gloves prevent cross-contamination or touch contamination Cross-contamination is a daily risk for a number of workers. In the food processing and preparation industries especially, cross-contamination can spread bacteria such E.coli or Salmonella throughout very quickly. In a lab, it can destroy research and make specimen samples unusable. In the dental exam room, it prevents the spread of blood borne pathogens such as MRSA, HIV or Hepatitis C. Disposable gloves reduce contamination from occurring in both an inexpensive, effective manner and keep environments clean which ultimately elevates compliance. Cross-contamination happens when you handle one substance or item and your gloves pick up and transfers its residue when touching something else. Disposable gloves let you change hand protection quickly and easily when moving from one material or action to the next. This ensures that everything from your food to your specimens stays clean of contaminates.
Дата Публикации: 15-03-22
Wpc Vs. Spc: What You Need To Know About Water-Resistant Vinyl Plank Flooring
Описание: Wpc Vs. Spc: What You Need To Know About Water-Resistant Vinyl Plank Flooring What Is Rigid Core Flooring?Rigid core flooring is the innovative vinyl flooring for today's demanding consumers. Available in both plank and tile shapes, it's a luxury material that can stand up to a lot of abuse, including water. To understand rigid core, you have to move beyond the vinyl flooring you're familiar with. Standard vinyl flooring is a fairly thin, flexible material that is glued down to the sub floor. Rigid core is stiffer, thicker and sturdier, which gives it some unique advantages. One of its most-hyped pluses is its ability to handle water, but that's not the only check in the “pro” column. It can also handle sub floor imperfections, offer excellent sound insulation and superior comfort underfoot. Here's where we get to the technical jargon: The assorted positives of vinyl plank flooring (or vinyl tile) depend on whether you go with a WPC or SPC construction. How WPC and SPC Come into PlayLike engineered hardwood, luxury vinyl plank flooring is constructed from layers of material—typically four, though that can vary between manufacturers. Let's look at the different layers, starting with the surface: Layer #1 is the wear layer. It's clear, durable and scratch-resistant. Layer #2 is the vinyl layer, composed of multiple, compressed layers of vinyl. This layer facilitates the authentic embossing technology applied to the printed decorative film that lies between the wear layer and this vinyl layer. Layer #3 is the rigid core layer. It's made from either wood plastic composite (WPC) or stone plastic composite, also referred to as a solid polymer core (SPC). Layer #4 is the base layer. This is the bottom of your plank or tile, and it's usually made from foam or cork. Many WPC and SPC options also feature an attached pad (underlayment) that provides sound absorption and allows for under floor heating systems. What Is WPC? Wood plastic composite flooring, or WPC flooring, is a vinyl plank or vinyl tile flooring with a rigid core that's made from either recycled wood pulp and plastic or polymer composites that are expanded with air. It's sometimes called “wood polymer composite flooring.” It is a light weight, low density construction that is warm and soft underfoot with greater comfort. What Is SPC? Stone plastic composite, solid polymer core, or SPC flooring, is a vinyl flooring material that has a rigid core made from powdered limestone, polyvinyl chloride and stabilizers. Sometimes, you might see it referred to as “stone polymer composite flooring.” It is dense, dimensionally stable, quiet and strong. Pure from Beauflor are great options in this category and both include an attached pad. SPC and WPC – Key Differences to Know Similar to dryback luxury vinyl flooring (which is the traditional type of luxury vinyl that requires an adhesive to install), SPC and WPC flooring are comprised of multiple layers of backing that are fused together. However, unlike dryback flooring, both flooring options feature a rigid core and are a harder product all around. Because SPC’s core layer is comprised of limestone, it has a higher density in comparison to WPC, though is thinner overall. This makes it more durable compared to WPC. Its high density offers better resistance from scratches or dents from heavy items or furniture being placed on top of it and makes it less susceptible to expansion in cases of extreme temperature change. One important thing to note is that although SPC and WPC are often marketed as being waterproof, they are actually water resistant. Though neither product is entirely waterproof if submerged underwater, topical spills or moisture should not be an issue if properly cleaned in a reasonable amount of time. Applications Rigid core products including WPC and SPC were originally created for commercial markets because of their durability. However, homeowners have started using rigid core as well because of its ease of installation, design options and durability. It is important to note that some SPC and WPC products vary from commercial to light commercial use, so it is best to always consult your manufacturer to know which warranty applies. Another highlight for both SPC and WPC, aside from their easy-to-install click locking system, is that they do not require extensive subfloor prep prior to installation. Though installing over a flat surface is always a good practice to be in, floor imperfections like cracks or divots are more easily hidden with SPC or WPC flooring due to their rigid core composition. And, when it comes to comfort, WPC is generally more comfortable underfoot and less dense than SPC due to the foaming agent it is typically comprised of. Because of this, WPC is especially well suited for environments where employees or patrons are constantly on their feet. In addition to offering more cushion when walking, the foaming agent in WPC provides more sound absorption than SPC flooring does, although many manufacturers offer an acoustic backing that can be added to SPC. WPC or SPC with acoustic backing are ideal for settings where noise reduction is key such as classrooms or office spaces. What's the Difference Between Lvt Vs. Lvp? LVT (Luxury Vinyl Tile) and LVP (Luxury Vinyl Plank) are two different types of luxury vinyl flooring. LVT is vinyl flooring designed in a tile shape, whereas LVP is vinyl flooring designed in planks to resemble traditional hardwood floor planks. Here are some more details on these two wonderful luxury vinyl flooring choices… What's Luxury Vinyl? Luxury vinyl is a specific type of vinyl flooring. Old-school vinyl flooring used to be offered in sheet form only, and therefore wasn't able to mimic the realistic natural materials that luxury vinyl floors now can. Modern LVT and LVP floors are now offered in countless patterns and colors, and designed so that they appear to look almost exactly like natural materials such as wood, stone, and tile. Some LVT and LVP flooring options are even textured to appear like these materials as well. Many LVT and LVP floors even have seams for grout, and the planks can come in narrow or wide styles, as can the tiles. Are LVT and LVP floors waterproof? Yes! Both LVT and LVP floors constructed from layers of plastic, so they're waterproof, making them an ideal flooring choice for any room in your house, especially kitchens, bathrooms, and basements. LVT and LVP floors are designed to withstand moisture, heavy foot traffic, and plenty of scratches and spills. What's VCT flooring then? VCT stands for Vinyl Composite or Vinyl Composition Tile flooring. Though VCT floors are also made with some vinyl in them, unlike LVT floors, they contain less plastic and more natural materials such as limestone. Because of this, VCT floors are more porous than LVT floors, and thus they are not as waterproof and require more maintenance. What about Engineered Vinyl flooring? Engineered Vinyl flooring, or Engineered Vinyl Plank (EVP), is a subset of LVPs. EVPs are simply even more durable than many LVP options, as they're built with the strongest high-density fiberboard core, and have a rigid stone-based core. EVPs are often considered the luxury vinyl planks on the market that most closely resemble real hardwood floors, but personal preference will often determine this for you! What Is The Most Durable Garage Floor Covering? Whether you use your garage as a car parking area, laundry area, or home gym, you want a floor that sustains your uses. A durable garage floor is an asset because it saves costs on floor repairs. It also gives you the freedom to maximize garage usage. A floor that sustains high traffic, resists damage and offers easy cleaning is crucial. While most garage floor finishes are durable, not all may match your needs. With this list of garage floor coverings, you can find the perfect floor finish. The right floor covering transforms your boring garage into a modern, inviting space. Epoxy is one of the most durable garage coatings. You can lay it on your concrete subfloor to liven up your garage. It provides unique colorful hues, metallic and natural stone finishes. Once dry, the epoxy forms a hardened and thick coating. This layer protects your floors from scratches, dents, chemical spills and cracks. No matter what you drop on your garage floor, the epoxy will resist damage. The installation process may take 3-5 days or longer, depending on the floor size. You need to find alternative parking, but it's worth the wait. A professionally installed epoxy floor serves you for 5-10 years. However, it may last longer, depending on usage. For instance, commercial garage flooring wears faster than a private garage at home. An epoxy floor expert prepares your floor before applying at least three coats. The preparation and layers provide the best durability. The primer is the first layer, followed by the base coat and, finally, the topcoat. As you can imagine, the finished coat is thick and hard enough to resist impact and chemicals. The base coat lets you play around with colors and designs. Lastly, the final coat gives you a smooth glossy finish. Epoxy is also great for commercial garage flooring because it resists wear. You can park cars and walk over the years. With a non-slip additive, the floors resist slipping to prevent injuries. The thick coating also seals cracks and imperfections. You can enjoy a durable and smooth floor finish Purpose of Skirting Skirting in some projects is an aspect of beautification and for some, it’s a method to hide the unwanted features in the interior walls. These skirting boards were known as mop boards as they protect the wall from water when the floor was mopped. Different purposes for which skirting are installed are mentioned below: Hide exposed electrical wiring: Skirting can be used to cover up the exposed electrical wires and connection that cannot be removed. Hiding these wiring under the skirting board is found more economical and practical compared to hiding under the ceiling board.Cover the gap between the walls and floors: Some construction flops may result in unwanted gaps between the wall and the floor. Redoing such works is time-consuming and costly. One alternative is to install skirting so that the poor work is covered and cleared economically. Avoids marks from furniture: The skirting board installed has a projection that always keeps a gap between the nearby furniture and the interior wall. This way rubbing and scratching from the furniture are avoided letting the wall free of scratches. Improve Interior: A matched and good colored skirting gives the room a finished and cleaner look. Skirting throws a professional touch to the room it is installed.
Дата Публикации: 15-03-22