tfhjj672
- Создано: 21-04-22
- Последний вход: 21-04-22
Описание: CNC Precision Machining: Everything You Need To Know Have you ever wondered how machinists make those heavy aluminum tools and engine parts? They definitely did not make them with hands or cast them in a furnace. They make these parts from a process called CNC precision machining. For those who are new to the manufacturing world, CNC precision machining is a manufacturing process that enlists the use of computer programs to create any product to exact specifications. Therefore, this article will define the process, the different pieces of equipment used, its applications, the different programming, and the processing involved. What is CNC Precision Machining?If the question “What is precise machining?” still lingers in your mind, here’s the answer. Just as the name implies, CNC precision machining involves shaping raw material into a finished product by cutting out excesses as designated by a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) or Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) blueprint. What’s more, machinists use this process in different manufacturing processes and on different materials. Before making any product by precision CNC machining, using CAD or CAM programs to make the product's blueprint is necessary. That is to say, these programs make highly detailed 3D outlines that a precise machining process must follow to replicate the product successfully. From toys to medical devices, automobiles, or space shuttles, any product that has parts needs precision machining. Using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) equipment, the process utilizes actions like cutting, milling, turning, and electrical discharge machining to achieve the final product. Although the process requires the overwatch of a skilled machinist, a machine does most of the work automatically. The Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software creates the design, and the Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software then translates it into manufacturing instructions for the machine. A final post-processor software codes the instruction into information the machine can understand. The machinists then load the instruction into the CNC equipment to start the manufacturing process. Injection molding is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten material into a mold, or mold. Injection molding can be performed with a host of materials mainly including metals (for which the process is called die-casting), glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Material for the part is fed into a heated barrel, mixed (using a helical screw), and injected into a mold cavity, where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity. After a product is designed, usually by an industrial designer or an engineer, molds are made by a mold-maker (or toolmaker) from metal, usually either steel or aluminum, and precision-machined to form the features of the desired part. Injection molding uses a special-purpose machine that has three parts: the injection unit, the mold, and the clamp. Parts to be injection-molded must be very carefully designed to facilitate the molding process; the material used for the part, the desired shape and features of the part, the material of the mold, and the properties of the molding machine must all be taken into account. The versatility of injection molding is facilitated by this breadth of design considerations and possibilities. Injection molding machine molds can be fastened in either a horizontal or vertical position. Most machines are horizontally oriented, but vertical machines are used in some niche applications such as insert molding, allowing the machine to take advantage of gravity. Some vertical machines also do not require the mold to be fastened. There are many ways to fasten the tools to the platens, The most common are manual clamps (both halves are bolted to the platens); however, hydraulic clamps (chocks are used to hold the tool in place) and magnetic clamps are also used. The magnetic and hydraulic clamps are used where fast tool changes are required. What is Aluminum Die Casting? Aluminum die casting ;alloys are lightweight and posses high dimensional stability for complex part geometries and thin walls. Aluminum withstands good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties as well as high thermal and electrical conductivity, making it a good alloy for die casting. Low-density aluminum metals are essential to the die casting industry. The Aluminum Die Casting process retains a durable strength at very high temperatures, requiring the use of cold chamber machines. The molten metal is still contained in an open holding pot which is placed into a furnace, where it is melted to the necessary temperature. The open holding pot is kept separate from the die casting machine and the molten metal is ladled from the pot for each casting because these high temperatures would damage the normal pumping system. The pressure requirements for cold chamber castings are typically higher than those of hot chamber die castings. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM DIE CASTING? There are many reasons aluminum is the most commonly cast non-ferrous metal in the world. As a lightweight metal, the most popular reason for utilizing aluminum die casting is that it creates very lightweight parts without sacrificing strength. Aluminum die-cast parts also have more surface finishing options and can withstand higher operating temperatures than other non-ferrous materials. Aluminum die-cast parts are corrosion resistant, highly conductive, and have good stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio. The aluminum die casting process is based on rapid production that allows a high volume of die casting parts to be produced very quickly and more cost-effectively than alternative casting processes. Aluminum die casting has become the favored option for buyers worldwide. ; Investment Casting (Lost Wax Casting)Investment casting ;produces precise components while minimizing material waste, energy, and subsequent machining. It can also ensure the production of very intricate parts. This makes the investment casting process quite useful to design engineers. ; Advantages Of the Investment Casting ProcessAlthough most investment castings are small, the investment process can produce castings weighing more than 1,000 pounds. This capability is limited to a relatively small number of investment casters and requires special expertise in handling. Most cast parts fall in the ounces to a 20-pound range. Investment casting provides consistent and repetitive close tolerances along with intricate passages and contours. Many of these configurations are impossible to produce. For example, where machine tools cannot reach. Achieving net-shape or near-net-shape cast components can dramatically reduce post-cast processing costs. Investment casting is a good alternative to weldments or fabricating. Many components can be combined into a single casting. The more that are combined, the better the manufacturing efficiency. Converting multi-piece components to a single investment casting typically delivers more dimensional accuracy and reduced part complexity. Accurate And Smooth Surfaces: The ceramic shell used is built around smooth patterns produced by injecting wax into a polished aluminum die. A 125 micro finish is standard, and even finer finishes are not uncommon. At Harrison, castings are able to produce quality aluminum gravity castings ;for a range of industries, including High Horsepower Diesel Engines, Defence, Gas Turbines, Machine Tools, Compressors, Pumps, Valves, Medical Equipment, Light Construction Equipment, Articulated Trucks, Photo Imaging and Printing. What is Aluminium Gravity Casting? Aluminum Gravity Casting is a permanent mold casting process, where the molten metal is poured from a vessel or ladle into the mold. The mold cavity fills with no force other than gravity, filling can be controlled by tilting the die. Undercuts and cavities can be incorporated into the component form with the use of sand cores. This process gives a better surface finish than sand casting as well as better mechanical properties, both due to rapid solidification. Additionally, this process has a higher casting rate than aluminum sand casting, however, the metal molds are a higher cost than sand. Advantages of this process include the possibility of low gas porosity, and fine grain sizes can be achieved. Compared to sand casting, this process requires less finishing and fettling and gravity die casting tends to produce a higher quality product. The Gravity casting production method is generally less cost-effective in the manufacture of tooling compared with sand casting.
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: General Features of Our Freight Forwarding Services Logitude freight forwarding software is available through four plans – Startup, Economy, Business, and First Class.These plans offer exceptional flexibility, enabling freight forwarding clients of all sizes and need to harness our state-of-the-art technologies, delivering superior customer convenience, scalability, security, and functionalityAffordable Booking Software for Air & Logistics Freight Service Globally, air freight forwarders and logistics freight forwarding companies of all kinds choose Logitude to optimize their operations, maximizing efficiency and reducing costs. The startup is ideal for smaller operations, or companies who want to see how Logitude’s freight booking system can make their business more efficient and effective, before choosing a plan with more features and capabilities. The economy is a step up from Startup, representing a full freight booking system with Email Documents & Reports, Document Printouts, Invoicing, Profit/Loss Analysis, and Business Tools. Business is our most popular plan, providing everything you need for effective freight forwarding. In addition to all Economy features, the Business package means that users get functionality for Quotes, Vendor Invoices, Customer Collection and Balance, External Documents Archives, Shared Logistics with Customers, and Free Customization. First Class is our most comprehensive plan, offering all the features of Business, but with CRM and Outlook Connection features – enabling you to harmonize your business.Understanding ocean freight – and what it means for your business In short, ocean freight is the method of transporting often large loads of goods by sea – putting cargo in large containers which are loaded onto vessels. Over 90% of all the world’s trade is carried by sea – and even more in some countries. As a general rule, shipments weighing more than 100kg – or consisting of multiple cartons – will be sent by sea freight. Some further restrictions apply to certain goods from country to country, but most items are allowed. Getting to know the players – and taking your timeThe ocean freight market is home to a number of carriers. These are the companies that own the vessels and containers that can carry your cargo.Twill is an innovation of Maersk and we're able to call on that 115 years of experience to best ocean freight service ;for our customers – getting their freight on the best routes at the right price. With our instant rates, you get all costs upfront too, meaning there are no surprises when your cargo reaches its destination! But as you can imagine, getting all those containers across the sea takes some time. Exactly how long depends on various factors – including where you're shipping it to and from and the type of shipment. There are several steps that goods go through before they reach a vessel and before they arrive at their destination. You can usually add a week's time on either end of the process. If it can travel by sea, why not air? Well, there are a few reasons – largely to do with capacity and cost. While air freight is often faster and a bit more reliable (as you're not at the mercy of the sea!) it's also more expensive – sometimes four or five times more expensive. Ocean freight takes more time, but it's far cheaper and there are fewer restrictions on shipping hazardous cargo. On top of that, there's much greater capacity for th Ultimately, you want to pick the best route for your cargo – and when it comes to ocean freight, we can help. Choose Twill to get your ocean freight going. UPS Air Freight services ;are ideal for larger shipments that may or may not require a pallet. In some cases, you can include other services, such as pickup, collection, delivery, and customs clearance for convenient shipping. Take a look at the following services to determine your air freight needs. UPS Air Freight Direct Combine speed, flexibility, and value with our global airport-to-airport service available worldwideSend and receive freight worldwide Ideal for shipments over 150 poundsConvenient and easy shipment processing for palletized and non-palletized freight Optional services include pickup, delivery, and customs clearance. Day-specific scheduling, door-to-door service, with delivery within one to three days available in more than 50 countries and territories Door-to-door service with routine customs clearance included Ideal for shipments over 150 pounds Convenient and easy shipment processing for palletized and non-palletized freight UPS Air Freight Consolidated Day-definite airport-to-airport service available worldwide Optional services include collection, delivery, and customs clearance for your convenienceWhat is an overseas warehouse? What are the common businesses in overseas warehouses? Overseas warehouse ;refers to the storage facilities established overseas. In cross-border trade e-commerce, overseas warehouses refer to domestic enterprises transporting commodities to target market countries through bulk transportation, establishing warehouses and storing commodities locally, then, according to the local sales order, the one-stop control and management service of sorting, packaging, and distribution will be carried out directly from the local warehouse in a timely manner. ; According to different operating subjects, overseas warehouses can be divided into 1. Self-operated overseas warehouses self-operated overseas warehouses mode refers to overseas warehouses built and operated by export cross-border e-commerce enterprises, it is a logistics model that only provides logistics services such as warehousing and distribution for the goods sold by the enterprise, that is, the entire cross-border e-commerce logistics system is controlled by the export cross-border e-commerce enterprise itself. 2. Third-party public service overseas warehouse refers to an overseas warehouse built and operated by a third-party logistics enterprise and can provide customs clearance and warehousing quality inspection for many export cross-border e-commerce enterprises, the logistics mode of receiving orders, sorting orders, multi-channel delivery, follow-up transportation, and other logistics services means that the entire cross-border e-commerce logistics system is controlled by third-party logistics enterprises. ; What are the common businesses in overseas warehouses? 1. In short, the seller sends the bulk stocking products from the country to the overseas warehouse abroad, and then the staff of the overseas warehouse counts the shelves. When a buyer places an order, the seller only needs to issue the delivery instruction in the overseas warehouse system, and the warehouse personnel will realize local delivery in foreign countries according to the instruction. 2. If there is a problem with the seller's account or the label is wrong, the goods need to be sent to the overseas warehouse for replacement and re-sale. 3. The most common situation of transfer is to combine FBA with third-party overseas warehouses, first store goods in overseas warehouses, and regularly or irregularly transfer them (Replenishment) FBA, while shipping from FBA, while shipping from overseas warehouses 4. Handling value-added services such as return and exchange Rail Freight Logistics Services: What to Know & How to Get Most ValueRail transport service ;has a rich history of driving this country's economic growth by moving freight across North America, yet it is not front of mind as an option in today's fast-moving logistics and supply chain industry. ; ; As such, rail transport service has been left behind in the way many people think of today's logistics and supply chain optimization, whether currently using rail service or not. Rail transport service focuses on efficiently moving bulk material across great distances over the railroads’ vast network of tracks running throughout North America. ; Since rail service has to stay on the tracks, they can only move between rail-served buildings or yards specific for the bulk freight is intended to handle. Unlike intermodal, rail service is not a direct competitor to truckload on price or transit. ; The service is much different and therefore not for everyone, but when it is a fit for bulk material, there are tremendous cost savings. The challenge for most companies that could potentially take advantage of the service is that the freight is required to move from one rail-sided building to another, which are few and far between because of the cost and the logistics required to run the tracks off the mainline to a rail sided building. This situation can be overcome by aligning with any number of logistics companies that can provide cross-docking services to move the freight from a truck into rail equipment.
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: Recliner Chair A recliner chair ;reclines when the occupant lowers the chair's back and raises its front. It has a backrest that can be tilted back, and often a footrest that may be extended by means of a lever on the side of the chair, or may extend automatically when the back is reclined. A recliner is also known as a reclining chair, lounger, and armchair. Modern recliners often feature an adjustable headrest, lumbar support, and an independent footstool that adjusts with the weight and angle of the user's legs to maximize comfort. Additional features include heat, massage, and vibration. Some models are wheelchair accessible. Recliners can also accommodate a near supine position for sleeping (making them multifunctional furniture) and are common in airplanes and trains, as well as in homes. Recliners with casters Traditional home recliners are generally intended to be large immobile objects that never move and must be dragged or carried to be moved. Now home furniture manufacturers produce a thick padded leather or overstuffed fabric recliner with casters. Recliners with casters are also designed for a medical setting such as for use in a nursing home or hospital. Medical recliners often have accessory hooks and an optional removable arm and tray table. Wall hugger recliners Used for apartments, the wall hugger recliner is used to save space. A wall hugger recliner is positioned with inches between itself and the wall and only reclines forward. This is achieved by utilizing a gliding mechanism underneath the seat that pushes the bottom half of the chair forward so the back of the recliner never gets any closer to the wall thus ensuring efficient usage of space. Riser armchairsA riser armchair or lift chair includes a standing-up system, for the elderly and people with limited mobility.Power vs. Manual Recliner: Pros, Cons, and MorWhen it comes to recliners, finding the perfect one for your home can be a challenge. Do you opt for something with power so you can recline with the push of a button? Or do you prefer a manual recliner chair ;that requires a little effort, but offers more of an aesthetic appeal? Whether power or manual, you want a recliner that's comfortable and on par with your style preferences. There are pros and cons to each, and we're here to break them down so you can make the best decision for your home! Manual recliner chairs are a bit more carefree than power recliners. They have the flexibility to go anywhere in your house, they tend to be less bulky, and many styles don’t look like a “typical recliner.” The Viceroy Recliner and Burke Re-Invented Recliner are two stylish and sneaky options - you wouldn’t know they recline until you push them back! Some manual recliners, like the Quinton Re-Invented Recliner, can be equipped with power as long as the manufacturer has the ability to do so. If there’s a manual recliner you like that has this option, be sure to let your designer know when you go to purchase it so the manufacturer can build in space for the motor. One significant con of a manual recliner is that it requires more effort to push it back. If you find that you struggle with this, it may not be the best option for you. It's important to note, however, that not all manual recliners are the same. As far as ease of use goes, Stephanie said, “Stressless recliners are probably the easiest to push back because of their continuous mechanism.” Electric Recliner ChairAn electric recliner chair ;allows you to recline with the simple push of a button and needs to be plugged into a wall outlet.A significant pro of an electric recliner chair is its simplicity and ease of use. It’s a great choice for someone who wants to come home and instantly relax or the individual who likes a little luxury in their life. Electric Recliner Chair may also benefit those with an injury or limited mobility because they require less effort to use. One con of electric recliner chairs is that most need to be close to an outlet in order for them to work. You can, however, purchase a separate battery pack so you have the ability to float your recliner and place it anywhere in your home. Because power recliners are motorized, their longevity may not be the same as manual recliners. Additionally, electric recliner chairs tend to look bulkier and have the appearance of a recliner whereas a manual recliner blends in a bit easier with your décor. However, this is subjective and comes down to your style preferences. Gaming chair health benefits for computer usersErgonomic advantages of a gaming chairStandard office chairs force users into static sitting positions. Over full-time sitting hours, that leads to poor posture, joint strain, lethargy, and discomfort. In stark contrast, gaming chairs ;are “ergonomic”. That means they come with adjustable components that meet modern ergonomic standards. Those emphasize two essential qualities. The first is the presence of adjustable parts that support a healthy sitting posture. Second, features that promote movement while sitting. A racing-style gaming chair comes with a padded bucket seat, high back, and backrest cushions. The cushions adjust to support the spine's natural curves. Adjustable armrests provide extra spinal relief by absorbing the weight of the arms. Gaming chairs enable long computing sessions with comfortable features that support the spine. For best results, follow the steps outlined in our gaming chair user guide. Start by adjusting the seat height so your feet rest flat on the floor. Then adjust the pillows. Slide the lumbar pillow into the small of your back. Adjust the headrest to cradle your neck. Then lean your body into the backrest. That aligns the legs, hips, back, and upper body into an optimal position for upright desk work. It also absorbs the weight of the body, holding it up against gravity. As a result, the spine and muscles get spared from having to overexert. Opportunities to move while sitting Many ergonomic scientists suggest that there is no “perfect” sitting position. Instead, the body needs to move, rarely assuming static postures. For example, it only takes one hour of static sitting to shorten the spine. Conversely, using a dynamic swiveling seat pan while sitting expands the spine and promotes flexibility. That shows how seated spinal stimulation helps to mitigate the risks of sedentary habits. In a gaming chair, users can easily alter their position to engage the arms, back, abdominal, or leg muscles. Small movements keep muscles active — without strain. That boosts circulation, strengthens core muscles, and keeps the mind engaged. Gaming chairs promote movement while sitting in a few ways. First, users can angle the backrest a few degrees back or forward every so often. Second, they can adjust the lumbar or neck pillows as they recline or lean forward in the chair. A third option is to adjust the armrests, which freshen up the arms and shoulders. On pro-quality gaming chairs, users can also tilt and lock the seat at different angles. PU leather is pretty darn affordable, especially when compared with authentic top or full-grain leather. Yes, this is because it isn’t the most desirable part of the animal, but it is still a big factor for gamers who want to save money. From afar, the PU gaming chair ;looks nearly identical to regular leather. The differences are really only noticed when you get closer, and most average people won’t be able to tell either way. Only people who have experience with leather will know that this isn’t top-grain – and how many people do you know that are both hardcore gamers and leather connoisseurs? Thanks to the glossy, smooth surface of PU Leather chairs, they are virtually immune to damage from liquid or other substances that may come in contact with them. Most of the time, you can just wipe the substance right off the chair and get right back to gaming. So, if you spill your sugary soda on your chair, just flick it off the side and sit back down. However, it might help to spray it down with water just so it doesn’t get sticky. This same quality means that things likely aren’t going to stain the chair either. Even red wine will be easy to wipe off. ; Despite being the cheaper type of leather (and technically not real leather), PU Leather is still pretty durable. You can’t just take a knife and start cutting it up, but it should hold up to a person sitting and spilling on it for several years. It will certainly start to wear and show its age, but it will function just the same and remain as comfortable as it was when you bought it. In fact, it might even get more comfortable as you break it in
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: Brake Pad Brake pads are a component of disc brakes used in automotive and other applications. Brake pads are composed of steel backing plates with friction material bound to the surface that faces the disc brake rotors. Brake pads convert the kinetic energy of a vehicle to thermal energy through friction. Two brake pads are contained in the brake with their friction surfaces facing the rotor. When the brakes are hydraulically applied, the caliper clamps or squeezes the two pads together onto the spinning rotor to slow and stop the vehicle. When a brake pad heats up due to contact with the rotor, it transfers small amounts of its friction material onto the disc, leaving a dull grey coating on it. The brake pad and disc (both now having the friction material), then "stick" to each other, providing the friction that stops the vehicle. In disc brakes, there are usually two brake pads per disc rotor. These are held in place and actuated by a caliper affixed to the wheel hub or suspension upright. Racing calipers, however, can utilize up to six pads, with varying frictional properties in a staggered pattern for optimum performance. Depending on the properties of the material, the weight of the vehicle, and the speeds it is driven at, disc wear rates may vary. The brake pads must usually be replaced regularly (depending on pad material) to prevent brake fade. Most brake pads are equipped with a method of alerting the driver when this needs to be done. A common technique is manufacturing a small central groove whose eventual disappearance by wear indicates the end of a pad's service life. Other methods include placing a thin strip of soft metal in a groove, such that when exposed (due to wear) the brakes squeal audibly. A soft metal wear tab can also be embedded in the pad material that closes an electric circuit when the brake pad wears thin, lighting a dashboard warning light. When do I change my car brake pads? The life of car brake pads ;is determined primarily by how hard they are used. If your driving style is generally fast acceleration, which demands hard barking at the next stop, then the pads will wear out faster. A more gentle driving style will of course prolong the life of your pads. On the other hand, high speeds demand higher braking force and, logically, mean greater brake wear. Driven normally, most front pads last between 40,000km and 60,000km. Rear brake pads (or linings, in the case of drum brakes) last even longer as front brakes account for up to 75 percent of the braking force. In hybrid and electric cars, the brake pads can last twice as long because these vehicles use electric load to decelerate the vehicle for power regeneration. The age of a car does not make a difference as to how fast brake pads wear out. Some cars have a built-in brake pad warning signal. While this is not a “danger” sign, it is nonetheless advisable to renew brake pads at least within the next 2000km. As brakes are a critical safety component in a car, always replace them with the best quality parts. ; Brake Pads Backing Plates What are brake pads backing plates? In a disc brake design, the friction material also called a friction block or “puck” is attached to steel brake pads backing plates ;with rivets, adhesive, or a newer NRS mechanical retention system. The backing plate is made from steel and transfers force from the brake caliper piston evenly across the backing plate to apply the friction material to the brake rotor. What goes wrong with a brake pad backing plate? GBSC tests show that black steel backing plates rust and change dimensions to exacting specifications. However, lower-quality brake pads often use low-quality “black steel” that’s coated with iron oxide, or “mill scale.” The mill scale must be removed before the friction block can be bonded to the backing plate. To save money, some brake pad manufacturers shot blast the backing plates to clean them. Unfortunately, shot blasting can deform and compromise the backing plate’s critical dimensions. Once compromised, those altered dimensions can affect the fit, function, and even safety when installed on the vehicle. Once the friction block is bonded, those manufacturers paint the steel backing plate to prevent corrosion. As you know, paint, even powder-coated paint, can’t stand up to the heating/cooling cycles found in all braking systems. The paint eventually fails and the steel starts to corrode. Another option for brake pads is ceramic car brake pads. These brake pads are made from ceramic very similar to the type of ceramic used to make pottery and plates but are denser and a lot more durable. Ceramic brake pads also have fine copper fibers embedded within them, to help increase their friction and heat conductivity. Since they were developed in the mid-1980s, ceramic brake pads have been consistently increasing in popularity for a number of reasons: Noise-Level: Ceramic brake pads are very quiet, creating little-to-no extra sound when the brakes are applied. Wear & Tear Residue: Compared to organic brake pads, ceramic brake pads tend to produce less dust and other particles over time as they wear down. Temperature & Driving Conditions: Compared to organic brake pads, ceramic brake pads can be more reliable in a wider range of temperatures and driving conditions. But, as with most things, there is some “give” that comes with the “take”; ceramic brake pads do have some limitations. Primarily, their cost: due to higher manufacturing costs, ceramic brake pads tend to be the most expensive of all types of brake pads. Also, since both ceramic and copper can’t absorb as much heat as other types of materials, more of the heat generated by braking will pass through the brake pads and into the rest of the braking system. This can cause more wear and tear on other braking components. Lastly, ceramic brake pads aren’t considered the best choice for extreme driving conditions, such as very cold climates or racing conditions. SEMI-METALLIC BRAKE PADS The final type of brake pad is the semi metallic brake pad. Semi metallic brake pads ;are different from fully metal brake pads in that they use fillers to create the pad compound instead of using 100% metal. Full metal brake pads are typically reserved for truly extreme braking requirements Semi metallic brake pads are between 30% and 70% metal, including copper, iron, steel, and other composite alloys. These various metals are combined with graphite lubricant and other fillers to complete the brake pad. The metallic brake pad compounds available vary, each type offering its own advantages for everything from daily commutes to track racing. For many drivers, especially those who value high-performance, the choice between ceramic vs. semi metallic brake pads is easy. Performance-driven drivers tend to prefer metallic brake pads because they offer improved braking performance in a much more comprehensive range of temperatures and conditions. Because metal is such a good conductor of heat, metallic brake pads tend to withstand more heat while simultaneously helping braking systems cool back down more quickly. They also don’t compress as much as organic brakes, meaning less pressure needs to be applied to the brake pedal to affect stopping ability. However, there are some disadvantages when it comes to metallic vs. ceramic and organic brake pads. Metallic brake pads tend to be noisier than their ceramic or organic counterparts, leading to a louder ride. Metallic pads also put more stress on the brake system, adding more strain and wear to the brake rotors. As far as price goes, metallic brake pads tend to fall somewhere between organic and ceramic pads. They tend to produce more brake dust than the other two varieties as well. Our low metallic brake pads ;are famous for their high thermal threshold and their exceptional ability to draw heat away from the rotor aiding in more efficient brake cooling, thanks to their premium quality formula. They are also long-lasting and durable and are known for their high versatility. Moreover, Valor's low metallic brake pads' positive molding and thermo-scorched manufacturing give a more consistent braking power reducing the initial brake-in time.
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: 5 Features To Look For In An Electric Scooter When you're buying your first E-scooter, it's important to search for a list of great electric scooters to narrow down your choices. Each scooter is made differently, with varying specifications and sets of features. Knowing what to look for in an electric scooter will save you a lot of time and effort going around shops. ; For starters, here are 5 features to look for in an electric scooter: 1. Range And Mileage Depending on how often and how far you plan to take your scooter with you regularly, consider the mileage capacity of a certain unit. It all depends on the battery the scooter is equipped with. Some models can run 20 miles on a single charge of 12v39ah batteries. Some can go farther without the need to recharge. The average electric scooter would have a power of 250W and can run 70k on a full charge. If you're comfortable with that performance and wouldn't mind waiting 6 to 8 hours to charge your scooter, then you wouldn't have a problem with mid-range scooters. When looking at electric scooters, get a complete feel of the product by sitting on the saddle and feeling out the controls and switches. Comfort is very important even if you're just riding it for a few miles. Make sure the saddle is soft and wide, and the suspensions are high-grade to ensure smooth rides. Generally, electric scooters are incapable of running at high speeds. Regular scooters can run from 80 to 100 Kph, but an electric scooter with 250 W power can only run at a maximum of 25 Kph. This speed is enough for you to go around the neighborhood without the need for a helmet, though of course it’s still highly recommended to be protected. Electric scooter wheels are usually made of lightweight alloy hubs and aluminum rims. Depending on the size of the scooter you'll get, it's best to upgrade your tires to branded ones with better quality rubber. As for the chassis, even though it's just the outer look and doesn't really do anything much functionally, it's important to choose a scooter with a strong and sturdy body, something like aircraft-grade aluminum. Not only does it look good, but it's strong and durable too. When checking out a scooter, make sure the controls and indicators are conveniently located at the left handlebar. Check where to press the horn, how to turn on the headlights, were to flip the turn signal, and so on. ; Make sure they're working and are accessible. Also, look at how the lights are positioned and how bright they are. Make sure the headlights and the tail/brake lights are working because they enable saver travel. Electric scooters truly have a lot of advantages over conventional ones. For one, they’re highly economical because you don't need to buy petrol. They're also totally pollution-free as they don't emit harmful greenhouse gases. When you own an e-scooter you're exempt from road tax and there's also no need for insurance too. If your power is 250W and below, you're not required to get a driving license, and wearing a helmet isn't mandatory. Lead-acid vs Lithium-ion – Which battery is best for your electric vehicle? Batteries play variant important roles in everyday life, right from providing the initial power needed to start the engines of vehicles to acting as a backup source of electricity. These days battery storage is popularising in every sector in addition to solar energy systems. Many of us are still see-sawing between Lead Acid batteries and Lithium-ion batteries, especially in the Electric Vehicle Sector. So which battery is best for your electric vehicle? Lead acid battery electric scooter ;has a popular cost-effective battery available in abundance and in different pack sizes. However, cost-effectiveness depends on your application. The lead-acid battery is best for large-scale stationary applications where space is abundant and energy requirements are low. Therefore they are mostly used in power stations and renewable energy storage systems like inverters. The benefit of lead-acid batteries is that they are inexpensive and were the first rechargeable battery to be invented. They’ve been around long enough that the technology is well-understood and is a reliable battery type.Advantages of Lithium Battery Electric Scooters over Engine-type Scooters Save maintenance cost An engine-type scooter requires regular maintenance costs from fueling and engine oil changes, but an E-scooter has almost no additional costs after the purchase of the product. Improve convenience of maintenance An engine-type scooter requires regular maintenance and additional check-ups such as fueling, engine oil changes, and frequent oil filter changes, but an E-scooter does not require extra maintenance. Ride eco-friendly An engine-type scooter emits toxic gases such as CO, HC, and NOx. However, a lithium battery electric scooter ;is not harmful to the human body and the environment as it does not produce any emissions. All-terrain vehicleThe ATV is commonly called a four-wheeler in Australia, South Africa, parts of Canada, India, and the United States. They are used extensively in agriculture, because of their speed and light footprint. An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a light utility vehicle (LUV), a quad bike, or simply a quad, as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI); is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control. As the name implies, it is designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. Although it is a street-legal vehicle in some countries, it is not street-legal within most states, territories, and provinces of Australia, the United States, or Canada. The rider sits on and operates these vehicles like a motorcycle, but the extra wheels give more stability at slower speeds. Although most are equipped with three or four wheels, six-wheel models exist and existed historically for specialized applications. Multiple-user analogs with side-by-side seating are called utility terrain vehicles (UTVs) or side-by-sides to distinguish the classes of vehicles. Both classes tend to have similar powertrain parts. Different Types of Dirt BikesThere are 8 different types of dirt bikes ;and while they share the same general idea, they all have different specialties when it comes to what kind of riding you are about to do. Motocross Motocross dirtbikes are considered high performance due to their bigger engine size and modification to the frame because of the jumps and corners, which can be hard on other types of dirt bikes. A motocross engine can vary from 125cc to 450cc. ; Trail dirtbikes are the most common type. They have a large gas tank than motocross and are designed for a medium to longer riding distance. A trail dirt bike engine can vary from 125cc to 350cc.Enduro bikes are similar to both motocross and trail bikes because they are made for distance, speed, and tough terrain. Enduro bikes are made to tackle the elements such as water, rocks, and wooded areas. Enduro bikes have more technology for upgraded performance to handle tough tasks such as climbing over hills or fallen trees. The engine size for a single-cylinder 2-stroke between 125cc and 360cc, or 4-stroke between 195cc and 650cc. A larger engine size doesn't always mean better performance when it comes to an enduro bike. Dual sport dirt bikes are the best of both worlds if you are looking for a street-legal bike to take out, but also want to maybe go off-roading and get some adventure time in during your trip. They have all the components of a motorcycle, including headlights, a larger gas tank, and a larger engine size. ; Not to be confused with a trail bike. A trail bike is used to test a rider's ability and skill. There's no seat to it, the bike has a small gas tank, and the frame is light for maneuverability. Many enduro riders have used trails bikes to train. Supermoto Supermoto bikes are unique because they have all the components of regular dirt, but they have slick street ties. supermoto bikes are used for racing on a track made of dirt and/or tar and it is mostly flat. Hill Climb Dirt Hill climb bikes look unlike any of the other bikes named. It has an extended swing arm so that you don't flip over when going up hills. The back tire usually has very large knobs for finding traction, and the frame is also light to easily move around. Flat Track Flat track bikes are made to go fast and not slip on the dirt track and they look like a cross between a motocross bike and a supermoto bike. Flat track bikes are usually outfitted with performance-enhancing parts for maximum racing capabilities
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: Flow Meters A flow meter (or flow sensor) is an instrument used to measure the linear, nonlinear, mass, or volumetric flow rate of a liquid or a gas. When choosing flow meters, one should consider such intangible factors as familiarity of plant personnel, their experience with calibration and maintenance, spare parts availability, and mean time between failure history, etc., at the particular plant site. It is also recommended that the cost of the installation be computed only after taking these steps. First Steps to Choose the Right Flow MeterThe first step in flow sensor selection is to determine if the flow rate information should be continuous or totalized and whether this information is needed locally or remotely. If remotely, should the transmission be analog, digital, or shared? And, if shared, what is the required (minimum) data-update frequency? Once these questions are answered, an evaluation of the properties and flow characteristics of the process fluid, and of the piping that will accommodate the flowmeter, should take place. In order to approach this task in a systematic manner, forms have been developed, requiring that the following types of data be filled in for each application: Download the Flowmeter Evaluation Form. Fluid and flow characteristics The fluid and its given and its pressure, temperature, allowable pressure drop, density (or specific gravity), conductivity, viscosity (Newtonian or not?), and vapor pressure at maximum operating temperature are listed, together with an indication of how these properties might vary or interact. In addition, all safety or toxicity information should be provided, together with detailed data on the fluid's composition, presence of bubbles, solids (abrasive or soft, size of particles, fibers), tendency to coat, and light transmission qualities (opaque, translucent or transparent). Electromagnetic Flowmeter (EMF) Electromagnetic flow meters (EMF) have been used for continuous flow measurement in industrial applications for many years. They are ideally suitable for liquids with an electrical conductivity greater than 5 μS/cm. In addition to water and wastewater, other contaminated liquids are typical areas of application. The underlying measuring principle of the EMFs is based on Faraday's law of induction. The coils of the flowmeter generate a magnetic field orthogonal to the flow direction. According to Faraday's law of induction, a conductive liquid passing through the magnetic field induces a current between the two electrodes, which can be used to measure the voltage. The higher the flow velocity, the higher the induced voltage. This voltage signal is converted into a standard signal (e.g. 4 - 20 mA or P) by the integrated electronics. Our product range for flow measurement includes both "Insertion" and "Full Bore" EMFs in different versions. While the magnetic field in the "Full Bore" versions extends over the entire pipe cross-section, the magnetic field from the immersed sensor in the Insertion version is transmitted only to a part of the medium. Metal Tube Variable Area Flow Meters Durable and accurate flow meters for fluid measurement in high-pressure and extreme temperature applications. Armored to deliver repeatable, reliable flow measurement in demanding high-pressure, high-temperature applications, metal tube flow meters ;from Brooks Instrument set the global standard for rugged durability and sustained accuracy. Globally approved for use in hazardous environments, metal tube flow meter manufacturer Brooks offers a range of metal tube rotameters that include corrosion-resistant options for metering aggressive fluids and multiple connection options to make it easier to interface our meter into existing industrial systems. Engineered for long-lasting performance, Brooks high-pressure water or gas flow meters deliver excellent meter repeatability to help accurately measure and precisely control complex industrial processes. Gas Flow Meter Types for Measurement Most gas flow meters (differential pressure, turbine, positive displacement, vortex shedding) measure the gas flow at the actual operating conditions. This flow rate is ACFM (actual cubic feet per minute). However, it is more important to adjust or correct the flow rate for a particular pressure and temperature. This adjusted flow rate is often called STP (standard pressure and temperature) and is usually in units of SCFM (standard cubic feet per minute). For this reason, most gas flow meters require pressure and temperature correction to convert the flow rate from operating conditions (ACFM) to standard conditions (SCFM). Positive displacement meters require fluid to displace components mechanically and measure volumetric flow at the operating temperature and pressure. While they have sufficient accuracy, pressure and temperature compensation are needed to achieve mass flow, and since they have moving parts, the user must consider gas cleanliness. A PD meter may be called a PD flow meter or a volumetric flow meter. An example of a PD meter is the diaphragm meter. Glass Tube Variable Area Flow Meters When measuring liquid or gas flow at higher pressures and temperatures than is suitable for plastic, you can achieve accurate flow rates with robust glass tube rotameters (variable area flowmeters) from Brooks Instrument. With a broader range of flow rates available, glass tube rotameters are suitable for a variety of liquids and gases. Resistance to thermal shock, pressure, and oxidation is the result of employing borosilicate glass tube bodies that can withstand pressures up to 13.8 bar (200 psi). Plus, corrosion-resistant material options for scales, floats, fittings, and valves accommodate a variety of applications, whether in the lab or in industrial processes. Pressure gauges ;are instruments for measuring and displaying the pressure of a medium. Pressure gauges are pressure measuring instruments with elastic pressure elements, which have been used millions of times in various industrial applications. Depending on the area of application of the pressure gauge, Bourdon tubes, diaphragm elements, or capsule elements are used as pressure elements. Which pressures do pressure gauges measure? Pressure gauges measure gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and differential pressure. Furthermore, not only can WIKA pressure gauges be used for measuring positive gauge pressure, but also for measuring negative gauge pressure. How does a pressure gauge work? Pressure gauges work differently depending on the type. In industrial measurement technology, two different types of pressure gauges are used - Bourdon tube pressure gauges and diaphragm pressure gauges. They have different functional principles and are therefore suitable for different applications. With Bourdon tube pressure gauges, the pressure is measured by a Bourdon tube transmitting pressure directly to the pointer. Inside the case, there is a curved tube, into which the medium enters and causes the Bourdon tube to stretch. This stretching is transmitted to the movement via a link and a toothed segment and displayed on the dial as a corresponding deflection. The definition of a solenoid valve ;is an electro-mechanical valve that is commonly employed to control the flow of liquid or gas. There are various solenoid valve types, but the main variants are either pilot operated or direct-acting. Pilot-operated valves, the most widely used, utilize system line pressure to open and close the main orifice in the valve body. ; While Direct operated solenoid valves directly open or close the main valve orifice, which is the only flow path in the valve. They are used in systems requiring low flow capacities or applications with low-pressure differential across the valve orifice. How solenoid valves function How a solenoid valve works is by controlling the flow of liquids or gases in a positive, fully-closed, or fully-open mode. They are often used to replace manual valves or for remote control. Solenoid valve function involves either opening or closing an orifice in a valve body, which either allows or prevents flow through the valve. A plunger opens or closes the orifice by raising or lowering within a sleeve tube by energizing the coil. Solenoid valves consist of a coil, plunger, and sleeve assembly. In normally closed valves, a plunger return spring holds the plunger against the orifice and prevents flow. Once the solenoid coil is energized, the resultant magnetic field raises the plunger, enabling flow. When the solenoid coil is energized in a normally open valve, the plunger seals off the orifice, which in turn prevents flow.
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: Cloth Diaper Inserts - Helping You Understand Absorbency Options Inserts are designed to be stuffed into pocket diapers. They are usually rectangular and are made of absorbent material. Doublers are used with cloth diaper inserts to provide extra absorbency in a pocket diaper. While you can use two inserts, the extra bulk sometimes means the elastic doesn't fit snuggly around your baby's legs, leading to leaks, especially at night. Doublers are sometimes cut in an hourglass shape that reduces bulk around the legs. Other times, doublers are smaller rectangles and can be used as a newborn cloth diaper insert when the full-size insert is still too bulky for your tiny baby. Inserts and doublers can be made out of a variety of materials. Pocket diapers are designed with a stay-dry layer of fleece, Minky, microsuede, or other fabric that wicks moisture away from the baby. Because of this barrier, microfiber is a fairly common pocket diaper insert. You shouldn't place microfiber right next to your baby's skin (such as in AIOs and AI2s), since it can cause dryness and irritation. Cloth diaper inserts are often made of cotton, hemp, bamboo, microfiber, or Zorb. For soakers, the absorbent material is sometimes topped with microfleece (such as the Soft Bums Echo microfiber soaker), or cotton or bamboo velour. Sometimes it may feel like an uphill battle trying to find diaper accessories that work with cloth diapers. You might have tried to stuff them haphazardly into wet bags that were too small. Or the neatly prepared covers and inserts you preassembled in the morning ended up wrapped around your baby’s bottle once the daycare worker opened up the bag. You need a diaper pod. Diaper pods are rectangular, prism-shaped bags that are specifically made to hold folded cloth diapers. They typically store 6 to 14 cloth diapers stacked next to each other. These pods are lined with polyurethane laminate to make them waterproof. WHAT ARE DIAPER PODS USED FOR? You’ve tried carrying multiple cloth diapers in your diaper bag. You become frustrated while digging through to find the “right” one to change your baby into. If this sounds familiar, this diaper pod is for you. Most diaper bags are made to accommodate disposable diapers. Their pockets and meshes are just the right sizes to stash the perfect amount for a day out. ; Cloth diapering parents usually have to find their own bags/ containers for their clean and dirty diapers. Many times, diaper-sized wet bags won’t fit all of your cloth diapers. Regular wet bags also allow your diapers to bounce around the bag. This is inconvenient if you want to keep your loose inserts and liners prepped into diaper covers. ; Diaper pods solve this problem by allowing you to store many cloth diapers in an organized way. Diaper pods are square, tubular bags that hold cloth diapers stacked next to each other. Imagine traveling with your whole cloth diaper drawer. Life. Changing. These pods are typically around 12” long and 7” high. This shape keeps your diapers folded and prepped while on the go. These nifty bags feature one long zipper on the top and center, so you can see all of your folded diapers at once. Similar to wet bags, many diaper pods also have a PUL layer. Diaper pods are great for any style of cloth diaper. However, they shine when paired with diapers that have loose layers. Parents who favor diaper covers, loose inserts, and liners will enjoy that they can prep their diapers ahead of time. Then they can easily access them when needed for a quick diaper change with a squirmy baby. A breast pad ;is a protective pad (made of cloth or composite material) that is placed between your bra and your nipple to protect your clothing from milk leakage. What Are the Types of Breast Pads? Breast Pads can be classified into the lines of materials used to make them. 1. Disposable Breast Pads As the name suggests, these are made for single use only. Disposable pads usually contain a lining of plastic to prevent milk seepage. However, this makes them unsuitable for long-term use as they are convenient but expensive in the long run. 2. Reusable Breast Pads Reusable pads are thicker than the disposable kind. They are made of fabric and can be machine washed to use over and over. You will need lots of pairs of reusable pads if you opt for them, as some of them will inevitably be getting laundered while others are being used. They are cost-effective in the long run. 3. Silicone Breast Pads Silicone pads are thin and sticky – they adhere to your skin and do not require additional backup from a bra. They do not absorb milk leakage; instead, they apply pressure on the nipple to prevent it. These are specialized for use with dresses like sheer evening gowns and for physical activities like swimming. 4. Hydrogel Pads Hydrogel pads are used to soothe sore or bruised nipples. Similar to cold compression bags, these pads are cooled in the fridge or freezer and then placed over your nipples to provide relief. When and Why to Use Breast Pads Milk leakage occurs because your body is producing more than enough milk for your baby. Once your baby’s feeding times and amounts become regularised, instances of leakage go down significantly as your body adjusts its milk production accordingly. However, it could still occur due to emotional or physical triggers, as long as you are still lactating. What should I look for in a changing mat? Changing mats ;can cost anywhere from a few quid to close to £100, so it’s worth doing some research before you buy. It’s important to take your lifestyle into account: will you spend most of your time at home or are you always out and about? You can buy large changing mats that are perfectly at home in the nursery but aren’t so portable, or opt for handy roll-up options that you can stick in your handbag or use at home if you’re always out and about. You’ll probably need both unless you’re happy to use a portable changing mat at home, but many changing bags come with mats included, so check to avoid buying the same thing twice. Design is an important consideration, too: there are changing mats of all shapes, sizes, and colors out there, so consider whether you’d like a neutral look to blend into your home or a traffic-stopping design to take center stage in your nursery. How easy it will be to clean should also be a factor in your decision-making: some changing mats will need to be washed in the machine after an accident, whereas with others you’ll simply need to wipe them clean. There are so many options out there, each with its own perks, whether a memory-foam filling, raised sides to stop your baby rolling, or nifty compartments in which to store nappies: whatever your priorities and budget, you’ll find the changing mat for you in our handy roundup. An Introduction to Cloth Diapers Types of Cloth Diapers The traditional diapers that your grandparents used are still sold today! Made of absorbent fabric, this cloth diaper is only a single square layer, making it the cheapest and easiest to launder. These are rectangular cloths that are segmented into three parts where it’s thicker down the middle. There are different folding techniques recommended for boys and girls that have been catered to different ways urine normally flows in the diaper. Finally, a design that incorporates the ‘snappi’ and waterproof cover with the actual cloth diaper! The modernized cloth diaper comes with detachable inserts, without them, pocket diapers become useless. Although many parents swear by it, handling a wet insert can be gross for some and the additional inserts and diapers might be too bulky for a mum on the move. The AI2 is essentially a waterproof diaper cover with soakers. They are laid into the cover and come in direct contact with your baby. Once soiled, only the soakers have to be washed while the cover can be reused multiple times as long as there weren’t any leakages! The most expensive cloth diapers closely resemble disposable ones – there is no need for additional parts because everything has been integrated into one piece. The wear once and wash once the approach is extremely convenient even if it might take a while longer to dry!
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: Biodegradable Bags Biodegradable bags ;are bags that are capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms. Most bags that are manufactured from plastic are made from corn-based materials, like polylactic acid blends. Biodegradable plastic bags are nowadays as strong and reliable as traditional (mostly polyethylene)-bags. Many bags are also made from paper, organic materials, or polycaprolactone. What Does Biodegradable Mean? Biodegradable refers to a product breaking down into natural elements, carbon dioxide, and water vapor by organisms like bacteria and fungi. Technically, just about everything is biodegradable, although it will take hundreds of thousands of years for most things to biodegrade. To earn a biodegradable label, products and materials must quickly decompose into natural materials. Third-party certifiers typically restrict acceptable breakdown times between six and nine months. Discover the benefits of biodegradable products below. Biodegradable products break down much faster than other types of products. Biodegradable products break down into carbon dioxide, water vapor, and organic material, which aren't harmful to the environment. Typically, they're made from sustainable materials and plant by-products, such as cornstarch or sugarcane.Biodegradable Plastic Bag Choose Biodegradable Plastic Bag ;to tackle pollution problems from the supply chain by minimizing conventional plastics. We supply plastic bags made from biodegradable materials fabricated through a proprietary manufacturing process. The biodegradable materials are combined with traditional plastics to enhance the required qualities without reducing the quality of the final product. The proprietary manufacturing process entails converting potato plant-based carbohydrates to an amorphous, 100% natural bio-based polymer. The polymer is then fused with conventional plastics, recycled plastics, and bioplastics to enhance features like durability and lightweight without detracting from the polymer's biodegradability. Reduce conventional plastic to create plastic bags that are highly durable and biodegradable. By minimizing the supply of traditional plastics in the market, we’ll help further enhance the prospects of a future free from plastic pollution. Stream Peak’s Biodegradable Plastic Bags offer several benefits. The enhanced film strength allows a reduction in thickness. Plant-based plastic bags are much more durable than their fossil-fuel-based counterparts. The proprietary manufacturing process fuses the plant-based polymers with certain conventional plastics to increase their tensile strength, making for highly durable yet lightweight, biodegradable bags. Reducible and Industrially RecyclableOur Biodegradable Plastic Bags are created with recycling in mind. When they are disintegrating into biomaterial in the soil or ocean bed, the disposable, biodegradable bags can be processed through a recycling process over seven cycles. Either way, it’s implausible for our plastic to end up clogging our ocean and waterways or contributing in any way to plastic pollution. Reduction of Carbon Footprints By minimizing the need to source plastic from fossil fuel, our Biodegradable Plastic Bag options will help reduce our carbon footprints to make way for a cleaner, greener future. No Fragmentation Plastic bags cause biodegradation to take place without fragmentation. It also allows the PBAT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate) to biodegrade in simulated marine environment conditions and lowers the temperature required. Certifications Our Biodegradable Plastic Bags are TUX ok compost & marine biodegradable and 100% USA Certified biobased products.Why Switch to Biodegradable Garbage Bags? According to the Center for Biological Diversity, a plastic bag takes 1,000 years to degrade in a landfill. And when bags do decompose, they can leach toxins and microplastics into the environment. It's difficult to completely abandon plastic, but we can take simple steps toward reducing our environmental footprints by switching to products such as biodegradable garbage bags. Although compostable and biodegradable plastics take longer to break down in a landfill than they would in an open environment, they can still be more eco-friendly than using traditional plastic bags. Below are some reasons you may consider replacing your plastic trash bags with more eco-friendly alternatives: Biodegradable bags produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions over their lifetime because the plants they’re made from (often corn or sugarcane) absorb carbon while growing. This offsets the carbon they produce when breaking down. One study even found that switching to corn-based bioplastics could cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by up to 25%. Biodegradable and compostable trash bags break down up to 1,000 times faster than regular garbage bags in the right environments. Biodegradable bags start their decomposition process when exposed to moisture or organisms such as bacteria and fungi. Compostable bags break down at a faster rate than conventional bags as well, but they usually require high heat to break down, so they should be disposed of at commercial composting facilities. Compostable bags will break down fully and will not turn into microplastics like traditional plastics and the bioplastics in some biodegradable plastic bags will.Biodegradable Dog Poop Bags, to Lower Your Plastic Consumption as a Pet ParentBecoming a pet parent inevitably raises your environmental impact, between dog toys that come and go, a kibble that comes in single-use packaging, and the biggest culprit: poop bags. Consider how many times your dog does the deed daily. Now think about how many bags that uses. Although reusable contraption is an option, biodegradable dog poop bags ;are your best option. It isn't safe to toss dog poop in your backyard or garden because of the bacteria it carries, and it isn't really worth tossing in your compost, because its nutritional value is pretty low and it smells. The best way to dispose of it is to flush the poop — then compost the bag, if it's biodegradable. ; Lucy & Co.'s compostable poop bags are extra thick and they're totally leak-proof, so you don't need to worry about any unfortunate mishaps. Despite their durability, however, they're compostable, as they're entirely made from corn. Each bag dons different cute designs on them so you can pick up poop in style — although your pup won't get to appreciate any of them, they're bound to make your morning.Profitable Business Ideas- Biodegradable Tableware from Corn Starch (Maize Starch, or Corn Flour). Eco-Friendly Business Ideas for Startup. Biodegradable tableware ;is an alternative to tableware products derived from plastic. Manufacturers are keen on the production of biodegradable tableware from biodegradable waste. Residual by-products of sugarcane extraction, rice bran, wheat, and maize are a number of the raw materials leveraged to manufacture biodegradable tableware. Furthermore, manufacturers are exploring recyclable waste such as fallen palm leaves and paper waste so as to broaden the horizon of their product lines. Biodegradable tableware includes food containers and tableware such as bowls, plates, cups, and meal trays which will decompose within months of being discarded. 1. Disposable corn starch tableware is a new type of starch tableware developed by high-tech such as corn starch, tapioca starch, soybean starch, and potato starch, which is harmless to the human body. 2. The starch tableware product is buried in the soil and can degrade to form carbon dioxide and water after 90 days at a suitable temperature without causing pollution to the soil and air. 3. Starch is a renewable resource that is inexhaustible and inexhaustible, while paper tableware and plastic tableware require a small amount of wood and petrochemicals. Using corn starch as a raw material can save a small amount of oil and forest resources. Best Compostable Plate: Eco-Friendly Options to BuyBeing earth-friendly should include using the proper cutlery for all occasions. Compostable plates ;are a great alternative to plastic and benefit the environment. Picture this: you have a birthday party or other events coming up, and you want to shop for plates. Instead of reaching for plastic plates that harm the planet, you can opt for compostable plates. Compostable plates are 100% biodegradable, with most taking less than 6 months in the compost to decompose completely. This means that they’ll not add to environmental pollution as plastic ones will do. Compostable paper plates are paper plates compostable in a composter. These are made using biodegradable materials that are good for the environment. Once you finish using them, you can place them in the compost bin instead of the trash. Usually, trash ends up in landfills where it takes longer to decompose. But, while composting, paper plates only take about 6 months to degrade completely.
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Описание: CNC End Mill Comparison Guide There are many different factors that go into the objects you can create with a CNC mill, but the biggest contributor is going to be your CNC end mills. At the most basic level, end mills are like drill bits but instead of only drilling vertically, they can also cut horizontally and have several form factors to get the cleanest cut for specific materials. Some are used only for plastics to keep from heating too much, some are designed to keep wood from chipping or tearing out, and some are designed for ultra-fine detail work. ; From one end mill to the next, the most obvious difference you will find is that end mills come in many shapes and sizes. Some are thin and pointy, and others are wide and rounded. Some of the most common shapes you will find are fishtail (or flat), ball-nosed, and the bullnose, and each of these can be a straight cut or a tapered cut. Size is the biggest determination of what you can do with any given end mill. Large ones excel at grinding through a lot of material at once, but you don’t get a lot of detail out of your parts. With CNC milling, the radius of your end mill is the radius of any internal corner, so you will almost never have a perfectly square corner on the inside of a milled object. Smaller and smaller end mills can be used for each pass to clean up an edge and get the part to the final dimension and shape. ; There are generally two forms of end mills: straight and tapered. This is a choice based on the geometry of your finished part because a tapered end mill won’t be able to do all the same things as a straight end mill, and a straight end mill may not be the most efficient choice. By using a tapered end mill, the cross-sectional area is larger than a straight end mill of the same tip diameter, creating a much stronger end mill that is less likely to bend while milling. For perfectly vertical walls you will need to use a straight end mill as the taper just won’t reach. However for angled walls, using a straight end mill is not the most efficient, ideal choice. Why Use a Single Flute End Mill?There are a lot of strange beasts out there in the cutting tool world and a lot of physics that are not obvious. For example, many machinists will know that more flutes mean more productivity, but that certain materials, like aluminum, require fewer flutes–usually two or three. If that's the case, when would it ever make sense to use 1 flute end mill? Is there a time when the least number of flutes possible is a good idea? Now let's take a CNC Router example. ; Say it's got a spindle capable of 24,000 rpm, but it will go no slower than 12,000 rpm. ; When cutting aluminum, the first thing we discover is we need carbide to run at those surface speeds–preferably a good coating is needed to up the limit even more. As we begin working through the feeds and speeds (hopefully using G-Wizard Calculator!), we discover we're going to need some pretty high feed rates at those RPMs too. ; For a 1/4″ endmill, it wants to run at 24000 rpm and a feed rate of about 255 IPM. ; ;Now depending on the machine, we may have discovered a problem. What do we do if our machine can't feed that fast? The answer is to use a 1 flute endmill because it halves the necessary feed rates without rubbing. So there is one case where it helps when the machine just can't feed fast enough to keep up with what the spindle is putting out and maintain adequate chip loads. FINISHING END MILLS-2 FLUTE Finishing End Mills are used in metalworking applications for removing material or burrs from a workpiece and leaving behind a smooth finish. 2 Flute End Mills ;are used for center cutting (plunge cut) operation and when chip removal in slots and grooves is a problem. A wide range of coatings such as Titanium Nitride (TiN), Titanium Carbon Nitride (TiCN), Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN or AlTiN), and Diamond finishes permit maximum performance and value for a particular application or material. Both standard and metric shank and cutting diameters are available. Uncoated High Helix Single End Mills from TTC Production. These HP series of single-end mills are exclusively designed to work on aluminum workpieces. TTC's HP series are available in two-flute, spiral designs and come in regular, long, and extra-long lengths. The tool is made from high-speed steel and the center cutting makes it suitable for peripheral, ramping, helical, plunging, and slotting operations. The high helix angle wraps around the tool faster and provides excellent chip evacuation at high speeds. ; 3 Flute End Mills - Carbide, Cobalt & HSS Three flute end mills ;are used for higher feed rates than two flute end mills and are often used in aluminum machining. ; They are commonly used in grooving operations where the chip is crowded. ; They are also used in non-ferrous milling applications where high feed rates are used. ; Three flute mills tend to reduce vibrations during the cutting operation. ; PCB Corn Teeth End MillPCB Corn Teeth End Mill is suitable for printed circuit board (PCB), high-density fiberboard (HDF), super hardwood, carbon fiber, fiberglass, HDF composite board, bakelite plate, epoxy board, shell, or powder materials. Features of ;PCB Corn Teeth End Mill 1. Special Cutting Edge: Special cutting edge can increase the cutting ability. The lifetime of tools and machines will be longer 2. Smooth And Wide Flute: Smooth and wide flute will remove the cuttings more easily 3. Heat-resistant Coating: With highly heat-resistant HELICAL coating, can be used for high-speed processing 4. Bronze Coating: Under bronze coating, any abrasion is easy to be recognized 5. High-Quality Raw Material: The raw material is used of high toughness, grain-sized carbon tungsten 6. Polished Surface Treatment: With high polished surface treatment, the friction coefficient could be reduced, the lathe efficiency could be improved, more production time could be saved Now when it comes to the actual engraving bits, there are an incredible amount of different types. However, in this article, we'll simplify things and go down to two basic ones - metal and Plexi. For steel/aluminum engravings, I always use diamond bits since these give a great result and they are very durable. There are all kinds of different sizes but there are three basic bits that get you started in a good way. When doing plexiglass engravings you can use the diamond bits, but I like to use a different kind of bit since I like to play around with different textures. Therefore, I use a cutting bit, instead. Since the Plexi is a lot softer than metal, you can do some very cool things indeed with cutting bits. Drill bits ;are grouped into two categories: roller cone and drag (Fig. 11). Roller cone bits are of two types: milled-tooth and insert. They are designed to drill rocks of various types and strengths. The milled-tooth bits are generally used when tooth wear is not a critical issue, whereas the insert bits with tungsten carbide inserts are used when tooth wear becomes the limiting factor in the life of the bit. Both the milled-tooth and insert bits have bearings wear that limits their operating lives. The rock-cutting mechanisms of roller cone bits use a shoveling (gouging) action in soft formations and a crushing (chiseling) action in hard formations. Drag bits are of two types as well: polycrystalline diamond cutters (PDCs) and diamond matrix bodies. The major differences from the roller cone bits are the rock-cutting mechanisms and a lack of bearings. The PDC bit cutting mechanism is rock shearing, whereas the diamond matrix is rock grinding. PDC bits are used in all nonabrasive rocks regardless of strength, whereas the diamond matrix bits are generally used in extremely hard abrasive formations. Drill bit selection is based mainly on past bit performance records. Past experience and learning are key factors in selecting the right bit for the right hole interval to be drilled. Choosing and Using the Right Router Bits for WoodworkingWalk into any fine woodworking supplier and you'll likely find a wall covered with hundreds of different router bits of different profiles, shank sizes, tip types, and more. A woodworking router bit is one of the most versatile woodworking tools you can own, but it's not the tool itself that brings versatility; it's the bits. Choosing the right router bit and using it properly involves selecting the right style and size of bit for the job as well as installing the bit correctly and using an appropriate tool speed. Woodworking router bits come in a variety of sizes. To ensure safety and the best possible results from your routing, you must adjust the speed of the router to suit the diameter of the router bit. The general rule is the larger the bit, the slower the maximum allowable router speed.
Дата Публикации: 21-04-22
Database (default) | 0.039880 s | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
21.1563 kB | ||||
Исходный пункт | Min | Max | Average | Всего |
SELECT `group_name`, `config_key`, `config_value` FROM `oc2_config` ORDER BY `group_name` ASC, `config_key` ASC (1) |
0.001321 s
|
0.001321 s
|
0.001321 s
|
0.001321 s
|
0.8125 kB
|
0.8125 kB
|
0.8125 kB
|
0.8125 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_`.`id_crontab` AS `id_crontab`, `oc2_`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_`.`period` AS `period`, `oc2_`.`callback` AS `callback`, `oc2_`.`params` AS `params`, `oc2_`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_`.`date_created` AS `date_created`, `oc2_`.`date_started` AS `date_started`, `oc2_`.`date_finished` AS `date_finished`, `oc2_`.`date_next` AS `date_next`, `oc2_`.`times_executed` AS `times_executed`, `oc2_`.`output` AS `output`, `oc2_`.`running` AS `running`, `oc2_`.`active` AS `active` FROM `oc2_crontab` AS `oc2_` WHERE `active` = 1 AND (`date_next` <= '2024-04-27 22:15:59' OR `date_next` IS NULL) (1) |
0.000326 s
|
0.000326 s
|
0.000326 s
|
0.000326 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_category`.`id_category` AS `id_category`, `oc2_category`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_category`.`order` AS `order`, `oc2_category`.`created` AS `created`, `oc2_category`.`id_category_parent` AS `id_category_parent`, `oc2_category`.`parent_deep` AS `parent_deep`, `oc2_category`.`seoname` AS `seoname`, `oc2_category`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_category`.`price` AS `price`, `oc2_category`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_category`.`has_image` AS `has_image` FROM `oc2_categories` AS `oc2_category` WHERE `seoname` IS NULL LIMIT 1 (1) |
0.000362 s
|
0.000362 s
|
0.000362 s
|
0.000362 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `oc2_ads` (1) |
0.003251 s
|
0.003251 s
|
0.003251 s
|
0.003251 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_location`.`id_location` AS `id_location`, `oc2_location`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_location`.`order` AS `order`, `oc2_location`.`id_location_parent` AS `id_location_parent`, `oc2_location`.`parent_deep` AS `parent_deep`, `oc2_location`.`seoname` AS `seoname`, `oc2_location`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_location`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_location`.`has_image` AS `has_image`, `oc2_location`.`latitude` AS `latitude`, `oc2_location`.`longitude` AS `longitude`, `oc2_location`.`id_geoname` AS `id_geoname`, `oc2_location`.`fcodename_geoname` AS `fcodename_geoname` FROM `oc2_locations` AS `oc2_location` WHERE `seoname` IS NULL LIMIT 1 (1) |
0.000433 s
|
0.000433 s
|
0.000433 s
|
0.000433 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `oc2_users` (1) |
0.001097 s
|
0.001097 s
|
0.001097 s
|
0.001097 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_user`.`id_user` AS `id_user`, `oc2_user`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_user`.`seoname` AS `seoname`, `oc2_user`.`email` AS `email`, `oc2_user`.`password` AS `password`, `oc2_user`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_user`.`status` AS `status`, `oc2_user`.`id_role` AS `id_role`, `oc2_user`.`id_location` AS `id_location`, `oc2_user`.`created` AS `created`, `oc2_user`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_user`.`logins` AS `logins`, `oc2_user`.`last_login` AS `last_login`, `oc2_user`.`last_ip` AS `last_ip`, `oc2_user`.`user_agent` AS `user_agent`, `oc2_user`.`token` AS `token`, `oc2_user`.`token_created` AS `token_created`, `oc2_user`.`token_expires` AS `token_expires`, `oc2_user`.`api_token` AS `api_token`, `oc2_user`.`hybridauth_provider_name` AS `hybridauth_provider_name`, `oc2_user`.`hybridauth_provider_uid` AS `hybridauth_provider_uid`, `oc2_user`.`subscriber` AS `subscriber`, `oc2_user`.`rate` AS `rate`, `oc2_user`.`has_image` AS `has_image`, `oc2_user`.`failed_attempts` AS `failed_attempts`, `oc2_user`.`last_failed` AS `last_failed`, `oc2_user`.`notification_date` AS `notification_date`, `oc2_user`.`device_id` AS `device_id`, `oc2_user`.`stripe_user_id` AS `stripe_user_id`, `oc2_user`.`google_authenticator` AS `google_authenticator` FROM `oc2_users` AS `oc2_user` WHERE `seoname` = 'tfhjj672' AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 (2) |
0.000468 s
|
0.000597 s
|
0.000533 s
|
0.001065 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
1.3125 kB
|
|
SELECT COUNT(`oc2_ad`.`id_ad`) AS `records_found` FROM `oc2_ads` AS `oc2_ad` WHERE `id_user` = '22659' AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `created` DESC (1) |
0.000387 s
|
0.000387 s
|
0.000387 s
|
0.000387 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_ad`.`id_ad` AS `id_ad`, `oc2_ad`.`id_user` AS `id_user`, `oc2_ad`.`id_category` AS `id_category`, `oc2_ad`.`id_location` AS `id_location`, `oc2_ad`.`title` AS `title`, `oc2_ad`.`seotitle` AS `seotitle`, `oc2_ad`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_ad`.`address` AS `address`, `oc2_ad`.`latitude` AS `latitude`, `oc2_ad`.`longitude` AS `longitude`, `oc2_ad`.`price` AS `price`, `oc2_ad`.`phone` AS `phone`, `oc2_ad`.`website` AS `website`, `oc2_ad`.`ip_address` AS `ip_address`, `oc2_ad`.`created` AS `created`, `oc2_ad`.`published` AS `published`, `oc2_ad`.`featured` AS `featured`, `oc2_ad`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_ad`.`status` AS `status`, `oc2_ad`.`has_images` AS `has_images`, `oc2_ad`.`stock` AS `stock`, `oc2_ad`.`rate` AS `rate`, `oc2_ad`.`favorited` AS `favorited`, `oc2_ad`.`cf_doppole` AS `cf_doppole` FROM `oc2_ads` AS `oc2_ad` WHERE `id_user` = '22659' AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `created` DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0 (1) |
0.000523 s
|
0.000523 s
|
0.000523 s
|
0.000523 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_c`.`id_category`, COUNT("a.id_ad") AS `count` FROM `oc2_categories` AS `oc2_c` JOIN `oc2_ads` AS `oc2_a` USING (`id_category`) WHERE `oc2_a`.`id_category` = oc2_c.id_category AND IF(0 <> 0, DATE_ADD( published, INTERVAL 0 DAY), DATE_ADD( NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY)) > '2024-04-27 22:15:59' AND `oc2_a`.`status` = 1 GROUP BY `oc2_c`.`id_category` ORDER BY `oc2_c`.`order` ASC (1) |
0.025404 s
|
0.025404 s
|
0.025404 s
|
0.025404 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_category`.`id_category` AS `id_category`, `oc2_category`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_category`.`order` AS `order`, `oc2_category`.`created` AS `created`, `oc2_category`.`id_category_parent` AS `id_category_parent`, `oc2_category`.`parent_deep` AS `parent_deep`, `oc2_category`.`seoname` AS `seoname`, `oc2_category`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_category`.`price` AS `price`, `oc2_category`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_category`.`has_image` AS `has_image` FROM `oc2_categories` AS `oc2_category` WHERE `oc2_category`.`id_category` = '2' LIMIT 1 (10) |
0.000246 s
|
0.000340 s
|
0.000286 s
|
0.002862 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
6.5625 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_category`.`id_category` AS `id_category`, `oc2_category`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_category`.`order` AS `order`, `oc2_category`.`created` AS `created`, `oc2_category`.`id_category_parent` AS `id_category_parent`, `oc2_category`.`parent_deep` AS `parent_deep`, `oc2_category`.`seoname` AS `seoname`, `oc2_category`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_category`.`price` AS `price`, `oc2_category`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_category`.`has_image` AS `has_image` FROM `oc2_categories` AS `oc2_category` WHERE `id_category` != 1 AND `parent_deep` IN (0, 1) ORDER BY `order` ASC (1) |
0.000309 s
|
0.000309 s
|
0.000309 s
|
0.000309 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_category`.`id_category` AS `id_category`, `oc2_category`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_category`.`order` AS `order`, `oc2_category`.`created` AS `created`, `oc2_category`.`id_category_parent` AS `id_category_parent`, `oc2_category`.`parent_deep` AS `parent_deep`, `oc2_category`.`seoname` AS `seoname`, `oc2_category`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_category`.`price` AS `price`, `oc2_category`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_category`.`has_image` AS `has_image` FROM `oc2_categories` AS `oc2_category` WHERE `id_category_parent` = '2' AND `id_category` != '2' LIMIT 1 (1) |
0.000283 s
|
0.000283 s
|
0.000283 s
|
0.000283 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
|
SELECT `oc2_location`.`id_location` AS `id_location`, `oc2_location`.`name` AS `name`, `oc2_location`.`order` AS `order`, `oc2_location`.`id_location_parent` AS `id_location_parent`, `oc2_location`.`parent_deep` AS `parent_deep`, `oc2_location`.`seoname` AS `seoname`, `oc2_location`.`description` AS `description`, `oc2_location`.`last_modified` AS `last_modified`, `oc2_location`.`has_image` AS `has_image`, `oc2_location`.`latitude` AS `latitude`, `oc2_location`.`longitude` AS `longitude`, `oc2_location`.`id_geoname` AS `id_geoname`, `oc2_location`.`fcodename_geoname` AS `fcodename_geoname` FROM `oc2_locations` AS `oc2_location` WHERE `oc2_location`.`id_location` = '0' LIMIT 1 (9) |
0.000227 s
|
0.000289 s
|
0.000251 s
|
0.002256 s
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
0.6563 kB
|
5.9063 kB
|
Kohana | 0.009645 s | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
141.8906 kB | ||||
Исходный пункт | Min | Max | Average | Всего |
find_file (211) |
0.000011 s
|
0.000107 s
|
0.000046 s
|
0.009645 s
|
0.4922 kB
|
2.8125 kB
|
0.6725 kB
|
141.8906 kB
|
Requests | 0.742889 s | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
2,844.4141 kB | ||||
Исходный пункт | Min | Max | Average | Всего |
"user/tfhjj672" (1) |
0.744770 s
|
0.744770 s
|
0.744770 s
|
0.744770 s
|
2,853.4063 kB
|
2,853.4063 kB
|
2,853.4063 kB
|
2,853.4063 kB
|
Запуск приложения (1) | 0.801996 s | 0.801996 s | 0.801996 s | 0.801996 s |
---|---|---|---|---|
6,386.0781 kB | 6,386.0781 kB | 6,386.0781 kB | 6,386.0781 kB |
DOCROOT/index.php |
APPPATH/bootstrap.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Core.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/kohana.php |
APPPATH/classes/kohana/exception.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Kohana/Exception.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Log.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Log.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Config.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Config.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Log/File.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Log/File.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Log/Writer.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Log/Writer.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Config/File.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Config/File.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Config/File/Reader.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Config/Reader.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Config/Source.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/widgets/init.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/widgets/classes/widgets.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/imagefly/init.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Route.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Route.php |
APPPATH/classes/core.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/core.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Cookie.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Cookie.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/arr.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Arr.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/cache/config/cache.php |
APPPATH/config/cache.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Config/Group.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Config/Group.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/cache.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/cache/classes/Kohana/Cache.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/configdb.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Config/Database.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Config/Database.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Config/Database/Writer.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Config/Database/Writer.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Config/Database/Reader.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Config/Database/Reader.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Config/Writer.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/DB.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/DB.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Database/Query/Builder/Select.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/Query/Builder/Select.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Database/Query/Builder/Where.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/Query/Builder/Where.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Database/Query/Builder.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/Query/Builder.php |
APPPATH/classes/database/query.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/database/query.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/Query.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Database.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/config/database.php |
APPPATH/config/database.php |
APPPATH/classes/database/mysqli.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/database/mysqli.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/MySQLi.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Profiler.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Profiler.php |
APPPATH/classes/database/mysqli/result.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/database/mysqli/result.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Database/Result.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/Result.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/auth/config/auth.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Session.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Session.php |
APPPATH/config/auth.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/i18n.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/i18n.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/I18n.php |
APPPATH/config/routes.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/url.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/URL.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/theme.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/theme.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/request.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Request.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/HTTP/Request.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Request.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/HTTP/Message.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Message.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/init.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/options.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/auth/classes/Auth.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/auth/classes/Kohana/Auth.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/auth/oc.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/config/session.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/config/session.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Session/Native.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Session/Native.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Encrypt.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Encrypt.php |
APPPATH/classes/form.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/form.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Form.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/alert.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/cron/classes/cron.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/cron/classes/kohana/cron.php |
APPPATH/classes/orm.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/orm.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Model.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Model.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Inflector.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Inflector.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/config/inflector.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/date.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Date.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/HTTP.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/HTTP/Header.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Header.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Request/Client/Internal.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Request/Client/Internal.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Request/Client.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Request/Client.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Response.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Response.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/HTTP/Response.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Response.php |
APPPATH/classes/controller/user.php |
APPPATH/classes/controller.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Controller.php |
APPPATH/classes/model/category.php |
APPPATH/classes/model/location.php |
APPPATH/classes/model/ad.php |
APPPATH/classes/model/coupon.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/model/oc/coupon.php |
APPPATH/classes/view.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/view.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/View.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/breadcrumbs/classes/breadcrumbs.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/breadcrumbs/classes/breadcrumb.php |
APPPATH/classes/model/user.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/model/oc/user.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Database/Expression.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/Expression.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/pagination.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/pagination/classes/kohana/pagination.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/pagination/config/pagination.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/seo.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/views/main.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/views/header_metas.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/html.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/html.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/HTML.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/model/forum.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/valid.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Valid.php |
APPPATH/common/views/analytics.php |
APPPATH/common/views/alert_terms.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/views/header.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Database/Query/Builder/Join.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/database/classes/Kohana/Database/Query/Builder/Join.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/menu.php |
APPPATH/common/views/nav_link.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/views/widget_login.php |
APPPATH/common/views/pages/auth/login-form.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/csrf.php |
APPPATH/classes/text.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/text.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Text.php |
APPPATH/common/views/pages/auth/social.php |
APPPATH/common/views/pages/auth/forgot-form.php |
APPPATH/common/views/pages/auth/register-form.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/captcha.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/oc/captcha.php |
APPPATH/common/views/breadcrumbs.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/views/pages/user/profile.php |
APPPATH/kohana/modules/image/config/image.php |
APPPATH/common/views/sidebar.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/widgets/classes/widget.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/widgets/classes/widget/share.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/widgets/classes/widget/rss.php |
APPPATH/common/classes/feed.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/classes/Kohana/Feed.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/widgets/views/widget/widget_share.php |
APPPATH/common/views/share.php |
APPPATH/common/modules/widgets/views/widget/widget_rss.php |
DOCROOT/themes/default/views/footer.php |
APPPATH/common/views/profiler.php |
APPPATH/kohana/system/views/profiler/style.css |
Core |
date |
ereg |
libxml |
openssl |
pcre |
zlib |
bz2 |
calendar |
ctype |
hash |
filter |
ftp |
gettext |
gmp |
SPL |
iconv |
pcntl |
readline |
Reflection |
session |
standard |
shmop |
SimpleXML |
sockets |
mbstring |
tokenizer |
xml |
cgi-fcgi |
bcmath |
curl |
dom |
fileinfo |
gd |
imap |
intl |
json |
ldap |
magickwand |
exif |
mcrypt |
mysql |
mysqli |
PDO |
pdo_mysql |
pdo_pgsql |
pdo_sqlite |
pgsql |
Phar |
posix |
pspell |
recode |
snmp |
soap |
sqlite3 |
sysvmsg |
sysvsem |
sysvshm |
tidy |
wddx |
XCache |
xmlreader |
xmlrpc |
xmlwriter |
xsl |
zip |
mhash |
XCache Optimizer |
XCache Cacher |
XCache Coverager |
ionCube Loader |
auth_redirect |
string(43) "http://board.flexi-soft.in.ua/user/tfhjj672" |
csrf-token-login |
string(23) "dj0aW9G70wX6IqBFmxHTeLn" |
csrf-token-forgot |
string(30) "BHcJtCIdjpTsvPpoUW5EwNqaomnVmn" |
csrf-token-register |
string(21) "62UGchFIzZPBnYyABTdcP" |
alert_data |
array(0) |
PATH |
string(28) "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin" |
REDIRECT_HANDLER |
string(24) "application/x-httpd-php5" |
REDIRECT_STATUS |
string(3) "200" |
UNIQUE_ID |
string(27) "Zi1O7myvLqeo@8M91uhVnQAAAA0" |
HTTP_HOST |
string(22) "board.flexi-soft.in.ua" |
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO |
string(4) "http" |
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT |
string(2) "80" |
HTTP_CONNECTION |
string(5) "close" |
HTTP_ACCEPT |
string(3) "*/*" |
HTTP_USER_AGENT |
string(103) "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" |
SERVER_SIGNATURE |
string(0) "" |
SERVER_SOFTWARE |
string(62) "Apache/2.4.6 () OpenSSL/1.0.2k-fips mod_fcgid/2.3.9 PHP/5.4.16" |
SERVER_NAME |
string(22) "board.flexi-soft.in.ua" |
SERVER_ADDR |
string(9) "127.0.0.1" |
SERVER_PORT |
string(2) "80" |
REMOTE_ADDR |
string(13) "3.135.205.146" |
DOCUMENT_ROOT |
string(48) "/var/www/19218-saniyaw/data/www/flexi-soft.in.ua" |
REQUEST_SCHEME |
string(4) "http" |
CONTEXT_PREFIX |
string(9) "/php-bin/" |
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT |
string(31) "/var/www/php-bin/19218-saniyaw/" |
SERVER_ADMIN |
string(26) "webmaster@flexi-soft.in.ua" |
SCRIPT_FILENAME |
string(64) "/var/www/19218-saniyaw/data/www/board.flexi-soft.in.ua/index.php" |
REMOTE_PORT |
string(5) "49572" |
REDIRECT_URL |
string(10) "/index.php" |
GATEWAY_INTERFACE |
string(7) "CGI/1.1" |
SERVER_PROTOCOL |
string(8) "HTTP/1.0" |
REQUEST_METHOD |
string(3) "GET" |
QUERY_STRING |
string(0) "" |
REQUEST_URI |
string(14) "/user/tfhjj672" |
SCRIPT_NAME |
string(10) "/index.php" |
ORIG_SCRIPT_FILENAME |
string(34) "/var/www/php-bin/19218-saniyaw/php" |
ORIG_PATH_INFO |
string(10) "/index.php" |
ORIG_PATH_TRANSLATED |
string(64) "/var/www/19218-saniyaw/data/www/board.flexi-soft.in.ua/index.php" |
ORIG_SCRIPT_NAME |
string(12) "/php-bin/php" |
PHP_SELF |
string(10) "/index.php" |
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT |
float 1714245359,0456 |
REQUEST_TIME |
integer 1714245359 |